Institutions and Democracy in Africa by Cheeseman, Nic -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Coverpage Half title Title page Imprints page Dedication Contents Figures Tables Contributors 1 Introduction

The Rise and Fall of Formal Institutions in African Studies

Independence and After The Retreat of Democracy The Emergence of the ‘Institutionless’ School The Legacy of the ‘Institutionless’ School

Reconsidering the Importance of Formal Institutions

The Uses and Abuses of Neo-patrimonialism The Impact of the Formal on the Informal Institutional Impacts and Democracy in Africa

Conclusion Works Cited

Part I Institutional Foundations

2 Institutional Legacies

The Roots of Institutional Strength in Africa Congruence and Divergence: Institutional Continuity and Change Conclusion Works Cited

3 Property and Land Institutions

Institutions, Land Institutions and Political Endogeneity Contemporary Land Institutions: Origins and Variations Neo-customary Land Institutions

Neo-customary Territorial Jurisdictions Neo-customary citizenship rules Neo-customary Authority Rules Neo-customary Property Rules

The Statist Land Institutions

Statist Authority Rules Statist Territorial Jurisdictions Statist Citizenship Rules Statist Property Rules

Institutional Effects

State-Building Defining Political Identities and Collectivities Shaping Forms of Land-Related Conflict

Conclusion Works Cited

4 Financial Institutions

Financial Reprisal Regimes Politicised Financial Development Financial Liberalisation and Multiparty Competition Conclusion Works cited

Part II Law and Order

5 Constitutions

Best Practices: Constitutions, Diversity and Inclusiveness

The Rule of Law The Protection of Civil and Political Rights Celebrating Diversity Decentralisation

The Rule of Law, Constitutionalism and Governance

Watchdog Institutions and Respecting the Constitution

The Effectiveness and Enforcement of the Rule of Law Conclusion Works Cited

6 The Police

Policing Africa Police Responses to Rape in Liberia Combatting Violence against Women

Law and Policies Institutions Training

Police Enforcement of the Rape Law

The Importance of the Rape Law and Gender Policies The Importance of Institutions and Programmes Training

Conclusion: Explaining Police Reform in Africa Works Cited

7 The Bureaucracy

Formally Independent Agencies and Economic Liberalisation

Administrative Capacity A Guard against Drift Credible Commitment Domestic Pressures

Research Design and Case Selection Authoritarian Context, More Independent Agency: Uganda Authoritarian Context, Less Independent Agency: Nigeria Democratic Context, More Independent Agency: Zambia Democratic Context, Less Agency Independence: South Africa A Theory of Technocracy in Transitional Democracy Conclusion Works Cited

Part III Elections, Parties and Political Competition

8 Political Parties

African Parties in Comparative Perspective Namibia: The Politics of Charismatic Authority Towards Formalisation Conclusion Works Cited

9 Elections

‘Democratisation-by-elections’ Revisited? Elections and Democratisation in Africa 1986–2012 Data and Design ‘Democratisation-by-elections’, election quality and institutional reproduction

The Quality of Elections Matters The Temporal Dimension

Conclusion Works Cited

10 Electoral Rules

The Rules of the Game

Shrewd Incumbents, Desperate Incumbents: Bending the Law or Breaking the Law? Inclusion, Exclusion and Strategic Rigging Exclusion and Regime Time

The Impact of Exclusion

Côte d’Ivoire: The Allure of ‘Ivoirité’ and the Destabilising Politics of Exclusion Madagascar: Playing Games with Electoral Institutions

Conclusion Works Cited

11 Term Limits

How Presidents Leave Power Term Limits Under What Conditions Do Presidents Attempt to Secure Third Terms? Conclusion Works Cited

Part IV Countervailing Institutions

12 The Legislature

The Return of the Legislature: Strengths and Weaknesses in the Recent Literature Legislators as ‘Linkers’: Tanzania and Kenya in Historical Perspective ‘A Bunge with Teeth:’ Patronage and Intra-Elite Contestation in Tanzania Conclusion Works Cited

13 The Judiciary

The Relevance of Judiciaries in Africa’s Democratic and Hybrid Regimes Thinking about the Dependent Variable: Judicial Assertiveness, Autonomy and Authority Thinking Theoretically about Judicial Development and Performance The Trajectory of the Zambian judiciary: Authority Compromised (and Regained?) Structure and Agency in the Demise of Zambian Judicial Authority Conclusion Works Cited

14 Decentralisation

Decentralisation in Africa: Impeding Accountability

Theories of Decentralisation and Accountability

The Kenyan Case in Comparative Perspective

Devolution in Kenya Embu and Kericho Counties

Impeachments: Background and Motives

Elite Capture and the Impeachment Process Accountability as a Motive for Impeachment

Conclusion Works Cited

15 Conclusion

Institutional Approaches to Continuity and Change Formal and Informal Institutions in Africa: Competitive or Complementary? Conclusion Works Cited

Index

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