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Index
Dedication
Acknowledgments
Introduction: What is Wilderness First Aid?
Chapter 1: Know Before You Go
Develop an Emergency Plan
Handling Stress
Infectious Disease Precautions
Helping As a Team
First Aid for Yourself
Reducing the Likelihood of Illness
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 2: Survival Skills for the Wilderness
The Ten Cs
Dressing for Survival
Layering
Five-Minute Fire
The Sure-Fire Fire Starter
Tinder Selection
Building a Bird’s Nest
Five-Minute Shelter
Five-Minute Water Boil
Common Outdoor Injuries and Accidents
Using Proper Gear and Techniques
Staying Safe While Improvising
Know Your Limits
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 3: The Emergency Scene
First Approach
Look Around You
Rescuing an Injured Person
Mechanism of Injury
Where to Begin?
AVPU
ABCs
Vital Signs
Prioritizing Treatment
Physical Exam
Start at the Top
Upper Body
Abdomen and Pelvis
Arms and Legs
DCAP-BTLS
SAMPLE History
Keep Checking
Moving an Injured Person
Neutral Anatomical Position
Recovery Position
Log Roll
Moving a Victim
Moving Techniques
Helicopter Evacuation and Signaling
Caring for Unresponsive Injured or Ill People
Caring for Responsive Injured and Ill People
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 4: Treatment of Bleeding and Wounds
Stop the Bleeding
Direct Pressure
Wound Cleaning and Bandaging
Cleaning the Wound
Using Disinfectants and Ointments
Closing the Wound
Limb Function
Creating and Applying Bandages and Dressings
No-Pressure Bandaging
Signs of Incorrect Bandaging
Using Tourniquets
Applying a Tourniquet
Preventing and Identifying Infection
Special Wounds
Sucking Chest Wounds
Flail Chest
Gunshot Wounds
Superficial GSW
GSW to the Arm or Leg
GSW to the Abdomen
GSW to the Chest
Knife and Axe Injuries
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 5: Blisters and Burns
Preventing and Treating Blisters
Foot Rot/Trench Foot
Burns in the Wild
Moist versus Dry Dressings
Applying a Moist Dressing
Burn Classification
When to Seek Medical Help for Burns
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 6: Bone and Joint Injuries
Treating Fractures
Treating the Wound
Pressure Points
Splinting the Fracture
Traction Splints
Treating Dislocations
Caring for Sprains, Strains, and Cramps
Ankle Injuries
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 7: Circulatory Issues
Identifying and Treating Shock
Types of Shock
Four Steps for Treating Shock
Recognizing and Treating Internal Bleeding
Suspected Heart Attack
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 8: Breathing Issues
Treating Respiratory Illnesses
Treating a Choking Person
Recognizing and Treating Chest Injuries
Open and Closed Injuries
Treating Asthma
Treating Hyperventilation and Shortness of Breath
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 9: Neurological Issues
Identifying Stroke
Helping Someone with Seizures
What to Do about Fainting
Caring for Headaches and Migraines
Treating Injuries to the Head and Skull
Concussion
Skull Fractures
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 10: Abdominal Issues
Treating Open and Closed Abdominal Injuries
Treating Nausea and Vomiting
Easing Diarrhea and Constipation
Hemorrhoids
Hernias
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 11: Urinary and Reproductive System Issues
Treating Painful Urination
Stay Well Hydrated
Coping with Kidney Stones
Pain in the Lower Abdomen
Menstrual and Pregnancy-Related Issues
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 12: Acute and Chronic Illnesses
Diabetes in the Wilderness
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Insulin Shock
Ketoacidosis
Allergies and Hives
Treating Anaphylactic Shock
Cold and Flu
Pregnancy
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 13: Environmental Hazards
Hypothermia, Frostbite, and Submersion Incidents
Hypothermia
Frostbite
Submersion Incidents
Hyperthermia, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke, and Sunburn
Hyperthermia
Heat Exhaustion
Heat Stroke
Sunburn
Altitude Sickness
Preventing Altitude-Induced Illnesses
Acute Mountain Sickness
High-Altitude Cerebral Edema
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
How to Treat High-Altitude Sickness
Lightning Injury
Food Poisoning
Eye Injuries
Debris Under the Eyelid
Conjunctivitis (Pinkeye)
Penetrating Eye Injury
Treating Dehydration
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 14: Insect and Animal Bites
Preventing Insect Bites
Appropriate Clothing
Battling Insects
Identifying and Treating Spider Bites
The Black Widow
Brown Recluse Spider and Hobo Spider
Tarantulas
Identifying and Treating Tick Bites and Tick-Borne Illness
Removing a Tick
Lyme Disease
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Identifying and Treating Insect Stings and Insect-Borne Illness
Snakes and Snakebites
Symptoms of Snakebite
Treating Snakebite
Animal Bites
Rabies
Treating Animal Bites
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 15: Poisonous Plants
Plant-Related Skin Conditions
Recognizing Poisonous Plants
Poison Ivy
Poison Oak
Poison Sumac
Treating Reactions to Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, and Poison Sumac
Tips and Tricks
Chapter 16: Plant Medicine for the Woodsman
Treating by Tissue State
The Five Tissue States
Herbal Properties
Plants for Dry Conditions
Swamp Violet (Viola palustris)
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
Plantain (Plantago major)
Nettles (Urtica dioica)
Cattail (Typha latifolia)
Plants for Cold Conditions
Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
Dogwood (Cornus florida L.)
Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa)
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)
Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
River Birch (Betula nigra)
Plants for Wind Conditions
Mullein (Verbascum densiflorum)
Black Willow (Salix nigra)
White Willow (Salix alba)
Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Plants for Hot Conditions
Curly Dock, a.k.a. Yellow Dock (Rumex crispus)
Honeysuckle (Lonicera)
Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
Wood Sorrel (Oxalis stricta)
Plants for Wet Conditions
Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
White Oak (Quercus alba)
Burdock (Arctium)
Heal All, a.k.a. Woundwort (Prunella vulgaris)
Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina)
White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
Wild Garlic (Allium vineale)
Opossum Mentality Regarding Medicinal Plants
Processing Herbs for Medicinal Use
Preparing a Fresh-Herb Poultice
Hot Infusion (Hot Tea)
Decoction
Cold Infusion
Tincture
Fomentations
Salves
Tips and Tricks
Appendix 1: Legal and Ethical Considerations
Appendix 2: Creating First-Aid Kits
Self-Aid Kit
Base Camp First-Aid Kit
Bandages and Dressings
Ointments and Medications
Tools
Airway Devices
Signal Devices
Photographs
About the Author
Index
Copyright
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