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Index
Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
1 Background and History
Introduction
Health Policy Formulation and the Role of Government in Healthcare Reform
The Early Role of the Federal Government in Health and Healthcare and Early Healthcare Reform Efforts up to the End of World War II
Healthcare Reform and Federal Efforts during the Period between World War I and World War II, Including the Great Depression, and during World War II and the Immediate Postwar Era
Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson: Years of Expansion and Growing Federal Involvement in Health
A Push for Medicare Legislation in the Kennedy Administration
The 1964 Election of LBJ and the Passage of Medicare
Issues in the U.S. Healthcare System after Passage of Medicare and Medicaid
The First Five Years of Medicare and Medicaid
Unsettled Times in Healthcare and Proposed Health Reform, 1969–1979
Limited Changes and Conservative Approaches: The Reagan-Bush Period, 1980–1992
Failed Attempts at Major Healthcare Reform in the Past Decades
SCHIP, Drug Coverage in Medicare, Medicare Managed Care Plans, and More Recent Changes in Medicare and Medicaid
Changes in Medicare, Especially Part D, Drug Plan and Managed Care Plans in Medicare, and Failed Reauthorization of SCHIP
References
2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions
Introduction
Reauthorization of SCHIP in the Obama Administration and Other Smaller Reforms
Passage of Major Health Reform Legislation
Coverage of the Legislation, Implementation Schedule, and Impact on Medicare
Legal Challenges and Issues
Enrollment Problems in Healthcare Exchanges
Early Evidence of Insurance Numbers and Costs of Healthcare
Future Trends and Unresolved Issues
References
3 Perspectives
Introduction
Healthcare Financing Reform in the United States: Leonard A. Cedars and Susan Cedars
A European Perspective on the Affordable Care Act: Harry Perlstadt and Balázs Péter
Universal Health Coverage: The How and the Why: T. R. Reid
How Do They Do It?
Why Do They Do It?
A Call to Action: Harold C. Slavkin
Free Market Healthcare Reform: Michael Tanner
Basic Health Access: Robert C. Bowman
References
Critiquing Consumer-Driven Healthcare: Greg Shaw
References
Why U.S.-Style Health Reform Does Not Work and What to Do about It: Claudia Chaufan
The Story of Teresa
Health Policy Hypes and (False) Hopes
What Is Single Payer?
But, Isn’t Single Payer “Un-American”?
The Way Forward
References
4 Profiles
People
John Boehner (November 17, 1949–)
Hillary Rodham Clinton (October 26, 1947–)
William (Bill) Jefferson Clinton (August 19, 1946–)
Marian Wright Edelman (June 6, 1939–)
Alain C. Enthoven (September 10, 1930–)
Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908–January 22, 1973)
Edward M. Kennedy (February 22, 1932–August 25, 2009)
Mitch McConnell (February 20, 1942–)
Barack Obama (August 4, 1961–)
Peter Orszag (December 16, 1968–)
Nancy Pelosi (March 26, 1940–)
Ron Pollack (February 21, 1944–)
Harry Reid (December 2, 1939–)
Kathleen Sebelius (May 15, 1948–)
Government Agencies
Congressional Budget Office
U.S. Supreme Court
Organizations and Think Tanks
Families USA
National Association of Community Health Centers (NACHC)
National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB)
Rand Corporation
Tea Party Movement
5 Data and Documents
Government Data Sources
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
Other Federal Agencies
Historical Health Data
Data and Documents from Government Sources
Figure 5.1 The Nation’s Health Dollar, Calendar Year 2012: Where It Came From
Figure 5.2 The Nation’s Health Dollar, Calendar Year 2012: Where It Went
Table 5.1 National Health Expenditures—Summary: 1960 to 2009
Table 5.2 National Health Expenditures by Source of Funds: 1990 to 2009
Table 5.3 Hospital Care, Physician and Clinical Services, Nursing Care Facilities and Continuing Care Retirement Communities, and Prescription Drug Expenditures by Source of Funds: 1990 to 2009
Table 5.4 Average Annual Expenditures Per Consumer Unit for Healthcare
Table 5.5 Health Insurance Coverage Status by Selected Characteristics: 2008 and 2009
Table 5.6 Persons with and without Health Insurance Coverage by State, 2009
Table 5.7 Gross Domestic Product, National Health Expenditures, Per Capita Amounts, Percent Distribution, and Average Annual Percent Change: United States, Selected Years, 1960–2011
Table 5.8. Life Expectancy at Birth, at Age 65, and at Age 75, by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: United States, Selected Years, 1900–2010
National Health Expenditures 2012 Highlights
Data and Documents from Nongovernmental Sources
42 Changes to ObamaCare … So Far
Figure 5.3 A 50-State Look at Medicaid Expansion, 2014, 248
Figure 5.4 Health Insurance Is Changing: The Affordable Care Act Creates New Benefits and Costs for Consumers
The ACA: Some Unpleasant Welfare Arithmetic
Cutting Healthcare Costs: Leading Experts Propose Bold Solutions
The Affordable Care Act’s Lower-Than-Projected Premiums Will Save $190 Billion
Figure 5.5 Percent Adults Ages 19–64 Uninsured
Figure 5.6 Percent Adults Ages 19–64 with Incomes below 100 Percent of Poverty Who Were Uninsured
6 Resources for Further Research
Books and Reports on Health Reform
Journal Articles
Reports
7 Chronology
Glossary
Index
About the Authors
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