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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Maps and Battle Plans
List of Tables
Note on Form
The Habsburg Family Tree 1500–1665
Note on Currencies
Preface
Europe’s Tragedy
PART ONE: Beginnings
1: Introduction
THREE MEN AND A WINDOW
INTERPRETATIONS
THE ARGUMENT
2: Trouble in the Heart of Christendom
THE EMPIRE
CONFESSIONALIZATION
RELIGION AND IMPERIAL LAW
3: Casa d’Austria
LANDS AND DYNASTY
ESTATES AND CONFESSION
THE CATHOLIC REVIVAL
4: The Turkish War and its Consequences
THE TURKISH MENACE
THE WAYS OF WAR
THE LONG TURKISH WAR
THE BROTHERS’ QUARREL
5: Pax Hispanica
THE SPANISH MONARCHY
THE DUTCH REVOLT 1568–1609
THE SPANISH ROAD
SPANISH PEACE-MAKING
6: Dominium Maris Baltici
DENMARK
THE DIVIDED HOUSE OF VASA
POLAND-LITHUANIA
7: From Rudolf to Matthias 1582–1612
RELIGION AND THE GERMAN PRINCES
CONFESSION AND IMPERIAL POLITICS TO 1608
UNION AND LIGA 1608–9
THE JÜLICH-CLEVES CRISIS 1609–10
8: On the Brink?
EMPEROR MATTHIAS
THE USKOK WAR AND THE HABSBURG SUCCESSION 1615–17
PALATINE BRINKMANSHIP
PART TWO: Conflict
9: The Bohemian Revolt 1618–20
FOR LIBERTY AND PRIVILEGE
A KING FOR A CROWN
FERDINAND GATHERS HIS FORCES
WHITE MOUNTAIN
ACCOUNTING FOR FAILURE
10: Ferdinand Triumphant 1621–4
THE PALATINE CAUSE
PROTESTANT PALADINS
THE CATHOLIC ASCENDANCY 1621–9
11: Olivares and Richelieu
OLIVARES
RICHELIEU
THE VALTELLINA
12: Denmark’s War against the Emperor 1625–9
TROUBLE IN LOWER SAXONY
WALLENSTEIN
DENMARK’S DEFEAT 1626–9
13: The Threat of European War 1628–30
THE BALTIC
THE NETHERLANDS
MANTUA AND LA ROCHELLE
THE EDICT OF RESTITUTION
THE REGENSBURG ELECTORAL CONGRESS 1630
14: The Lion of the North 1630–2
SWEDISH INTERVENTION
BETWEEN THE LION AND THE EAGLE
THE SWEDISH EMPIRE
CALLS FOR ASSISTANCE
ZENITH
15: Without Gustavus 1633–4
THE HEILBRONN LEAGUE
TENSION ALONG THE RHINE
SAIN INTERVENES
WALLENSTEIN: THE FINAL ACT
THE TWO FERDINANDS
16: For the Liberty of Germany 1635–6
RICHELIEU RESOLVES ON WAR
THE WAR IN THE WEST 1635–6
THE PEACE OF PRAGUE 1635
APPEALS TO PATRIOTISM
RENEWED EFFORTS FOR PEACE
17: Habsburg High Tide 1637–40
STALEMATE
RESOLUTION ON THE RHINE
PEACE FOR NORTH GERMANY?
18: In the Balance 1641–3
THE FRANCO-SWEDISH ALLIANCE 1641
THE WAR IN THE EMPIRE 1642–3
SPAIN’S GROWING CRISIS 1635–43
FROM BREDA TO ROCROI 1637–43
19: Pressure to Negotiate 1644–5
THE WESTPHALIAN CONGRESS
FRANCE IN GERMANY 1644
THE BALTIC BECOMES SWEDISH 1643–5
1645: ANNUS HORRIBILIS ET MIRABILIS
20: War or Peace 1646–8
A CRISIS OF CONFIDENCE 1646
TOWARDS CONSENSUS
SPAIN’S PEACE WITH THE DUTCH
THE FINAL ROUND 1648
PART THREE: Aftermath
21: The Westphalian Settlement
THE INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION
A CHRISTIAN PEACE
DEMOBILIZATION
THE IMPERIAL RECOVERY
22: The Human and Material Cost
AN ALL-DESTRUCTIVE FURY?
THE DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT
THE CRISIS OF THE TERRITORIAL STATE
CULTURAL IMPACT
23: Experiencing War
THE NATURE OF EXPERIENCE
MILITARY–CIVIL RELATIONS
PERCEPTIONS
COMMEMORATION
Illustrations
Abbreviations
Notes
Index
Footnotes
PART TWO: Conflict
10: Ferdinand Triumphant 1621–4
THE PALATINE CAUSE
Page 322
12: Denmark’s War against the Emperor 1625–9
TROUBLE IN LOWER SAXONY
Page 386
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