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Index
Foreword
Acknowledgments
About CGD
Map ofEmergingAfrica
Introduction
Emerging Africa
Chapter 2: Emerging Africa's Renaissance 27
Emerging Democracies
Chapter 4: Stronger Economic Management 71
The End of the Debt Crisis and Changing Relationships with Donors
The Technology Revolution
Chapter 7: The Coming of the "Cheetahs" 125
Challenges and Opportunities on the Road Ahead
Index
Consider Ghana, where over the past 15 years the economy has grown by a robust 5 percent per year, t
Sub-Saharan Africa is a region rich in diversity with significant differences in history, economic p
This book-which builds on an earlier paper coauthored with President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberi
A succinct version of the key changes in the early 1990s in the emerging countries is shown in Figur
This chart hints at one of the core messages of this book: the strong and positive relationship betw
One way to think about the emerging countries is through the lens of development traps. The notion o
poverty trap and suggest that certain low-income countries face particular constraints and circumsta
Endemic disease, such as malaria and AIDS, reduces worker productivity and scares away investors,
grasp.'
Does this actually represent a real break from the past? Or have we seen this before with other coun
Perhaps most important, poverty rates have fallen markedly. From the early 1980s through the mid-199
Consider one small but telling example. In October 2009, a group of 31 businesses from Singapore sen
At the same time, trade has expanded rapidly in the emerging countries. Total trade (exports and imp
Nevertheless, with this huge exception, there has been significant progress on a range of health ind
The turnaround has been remarkable. Infant mortality rates dropped from 130 per 1,000 in 1998 to 7
Consider the recent changes in Tanzania. The country's education programs steadily deteriorated in t
The emerging countries are also making steady progress toward achieving the Millennium Development G
achieving the goals than other countries in Africa. Thirteen of the seventeen emerging countries are
On November 8, 1989, the people of Namibia quietly started a revolution. For five days, they turned
"My dream has been fulfilled."'
But once the initial post-independence leaders were installed, many quickly moved to seize full cont
By the mid-1980s, in the years just before the dramatic changes in Namibia, almost every sub-Saharan
Outside of these countries, most leaders weren't even bothering with a facade of democracy, much les
maintain strong economic control regimes than less authoritarian governments.`
Authoritarian governments in SSA had seen protests before. But in the past, they had always been abl
7 Many of the very groups that had supported authoritarian governments now turned on them. By the
The discontent was rooted in more than just lost economic benefits for the favored few-it was much m
In previous years, rewards and repression had served to quell unrest. Not so in the 1990s. Spurred b
As these domestic forces led the way for change, international pressures pushed in the same directio
On New Year's Eve in 1989, Frederick Chiluba, Chairman of the Zambia Congress of Trade Unions (and f
Changes began to unfurl rapidly in the late 1980s and early 1980s, at least in many countries. The s
presidents were voted out of office during that first flurry of elections, with Benin's Kerekou the
On Election Day in Sierra Leone, the exhilaration was palpable at a camp for those with hacked-off l
The formal institutions and rules that had been so easily ignored in the past are beginning to matte
Furthermore, Posner and Young point out that, more than ever before, new leaders face far greater co
In addition, legislatures and other government institutions of restraint such as court systems, loca
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