Evidence-Based Medicine E-Book · How to Practice and Teach EBM by Straus, Sharon E. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover image Title Page Dedication Copyright Contents of EBM Toolbox Index of Teaching Moments Preface

Acknowledgements

Introduction

What is evidence-based medicine? Why the need for a new edition of this book? How do we practise EBM? Can clinicians practise EBM? What's the “E” in EBM? - - What are the limitations of EBM? How is this resource organized? References

1 Asking answerable clinical questions

Background and foreground questions Our reactions to knowing and to not knowing Where and how clinical questions arise Practising evidence-based medicine in real time Why bother formulating questions clearly? Teaching questions for EBM in real time References

2 Acquiring the evidence

3 Appraising the evidence

Further reading

4 Therapy

Further reading about individual randomized trials Further reading about systematic reviews Further reading about individual randomized trials and qualitative studies Further reading about clinical decision analysis Further reading about economic analysis Further reading about n-of-1 trials References

5 Diagnosis and screening

6 Prognosis

Types of reports on prognosis Are the results of this prognosis study valid? Is this valid evidence about prognosis important? (Box 6.2) Can we apply this valid, important evidence about prognosis to our patient? (Box 6.3) Practising evidence-based medicine in real time References Further reading

7 Harm

Types of reports on harm/etiology References Further reading

8 Evaluation

How am I doing? Is our practice improving? How much of our practice is evidence based? Evaluating our performance as teachers References Further reading

9 Teaching evidence-based medicine

Three modes of teaching EBM Teaching EBM—top 10 successes Teaching EBM—top 10 failures Teaching and learning EBM on an inpatient service Teaching and learning EBM in the outpatient clinic Writing structured summaries of evidence-based learning episodes Incorporating EBM into existing educational sessions Integrating EBM into a curriculum Integrating EBM into 4-year medical school curriculum—a worked example , , Learning more about how to teach EBM Tips for teaching EBM in clinical teams and other small groups References

Appendix 1 Glossary

Terms you are likely to encounter in your clinical reading Terms specific to treatment effects How to calculate likelihood ratios (LRs) Sample calculation Calculation of odds ratio/relative risk

Appendix 2 Confidence intervals

Statistical inference Calculating confidence intervals Multiple estimates of treatment effect Confidence intervals in meta-analysis Clinical significance section Comment References

Index