Relics of the Franklin Expedition · Discovering Artifacts From the Doomed Arctic Voyage of 1845 by Walpole, Garth -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Acknowledgments Abbreviations Used Editor’s Preface Original Introduction 1

The Material Biography of Relics

A Historical Journey First Traces of the Expedition, 1848–1851 First Traces, 1850 An Examination of the Cape Riley Encampment An Examination of the Relics, 1850

A Return to the Camp, 1852

An Examination of Cape Spencer and Beechey Island Kellett’s Search, 1852 1850

“Graves, Mr. Penny! Graves”

The Franklin Landscape, 1850 The Camp at Beechey

The Garden The Storehouse The Boarding Pike The Graves

Inglefield’s Examination, 1852

The Cairn The Shooting Gallery and Observatory Harmful Enthusiasm Rivalry: Personal, Shipboard and National

Kennedy, 1851

The Continued Search for Relics, 1851–1854

The Discovery of the First “Southern” Relics Discovery of Relics by Collinson, 1852–53 The Final Pieces? (1854) Anderson Expedition, June 1855 McClintock Expedition, 1857–1859 Charles Hall, 1864–69 Schwatka Expedition, 1878–80

The First Relics The Ship Off Grant Point The “Boat” Place at Richardson Point/Starvation Cove The Meeting off Washington Bay The Camp at Terror Bay The Pine Board The New Cairn and an Intriguing Relic “Terror Bay Camp” Spectacles and/or Snow Goggles On to King William Island A Matter of Chronology Cape Felix The Divided Search Another Divided Party

Post 1900

Rasmussen, 1921–24 Peter Norberg, 1926 Burwash Expeditions

1925–26 1928–30

Gibson, 1931 Learmonth, 1942 Henry Larson, 1949 Paul Cooper, 1954 “Project Franklin,” 1967 The Beattie-Savelle Expedition, 1981–1982 2010 and on…

Examining the Relics

The Liminality of King William Island’s Northwest The Reliability and “Value” of the Franklin Assemblage The “Peglar” Wallet Cairns and Inuksuit: Marking “Place and Time” in the Landscape The Relic: Its General and Specific Life History John Franklin’s 1836 Hanoverian Order John Irving’s Silver Mathematical Medal 1830 Other Relics for Consideration

The Material and Social Value of the Relics

Relics without Provenance

The Relics

Illustrated Franklin Relics 1854–1896

1854 1859 1859–60 1861 1869 1878 1891

The Passage of Time

Conclusion Appendices

A. Locations of Relics B. Relics at the National Maritime Museum

Beechey Island: 1850 Austin Search: 1850–51 Penny Search: 1850–51 Inglefield Search: 1852 Belcher Search: 1852–54 Collinson Search: 1850–55 Rae Search: 1853–54 Anderson Search: 1855 McClintock Search: 1857–59 Hall Search: 1864–69 Schwatka Search: 1878–79 Burwash Expedition: 1926 Unprovenanced (ex. Royal Naval Museum)

C. Relics with Ownership Ascribed D. Relics Recorded and Left by McClintock, 1859

“The Boat Place,” Erebus Bay Ross Cairn North Cairn Near Cape Maria—(object observed and noted) Objects Seen in Snow Hut (20 April 1859) Cape Norton (items found amongst Inuit, but not purchased) (May 1859) Montreal Island (items found beside Inuit “stone-mark”) Booth Point (items seen near snow-hut)

Chapter Notes

Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5

Bibliography List of Names and Terms