"Emperor Dead" and Other Historic American Diplomatic Dispatches by Eicher, Peter D. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

"Emperor Dead" and Other Historic American Diplomatic Dispatches

CONTENTS THE ADST-DACOR DIPLOMATS AND DIPLOMACY SERIES FOREWORD PREFACE

Selecting the Dispatches Usage Sources Acknowledgments

INTRODUCTION

American Representatives Abroad: The Authors Service Abroad Diplomats, Consuls, and Protocol The Home Front: Growth of the State Department and the Foreign Service The Development of Diplomatic and Consular Reporting The Cycles of History Notes

PART I— THE EARLY NATIONAL PERIOD: 1776–1815

1776 In the Beginning . . .

The First Dispatch ''Declaration of Independency" Presented to France Recruiting Lafayette

1780–1781 Prisoner in the Tower

Capture Confinement

1781 Wolf at the Door 1783 Establishing Broad Relations 1783 Franklin on Peace 1785 Thirteen Ministers for Thirteen States? 1785 John Adams Meets George III: "An Epoch in . . . History" 1786 Jefferson Urges War against the Barbary States 1786 Trade with China 1789–1794 The French Revolution

The Revolution Begins Storming of the Bastille The Reign of Terror Execution of Louis XVI Execution of Marie Antoinette Fall of Robespierre

1793 Help for American Captives in Algiers: ''Twelve Cents a Day" 1797 Bribery in Paris: The XYZ Affair 1798 Pirates in New Orleans 1798 Naval Tensions with Britain: American Fleet Captured Off Havana 1801 Tripoli Declares War: "Our Flag-staff Was Chopped Down" 1802, 1810 Napoleon: "A Spoilt Child of Fortune"

"One Man Is Every Thing" "No Policy but His Power"

1803 Bargaining for Louisiana

''Our Wishes Extended Only to New Orleans" A Bargaining Session Close to a Deal

1803 Transfer of Louisiana 1805 Napoleon Victorious: "A Very Favorable" Situation for the United States 1806 The British Move into Africa: The Cape of Good Hope 1808 Threatened by the Dey of Algiers 1813 Napoleon's Retreat from Moscow 1814 Treaty of Ghent Signed 1815 Waterloo

PART II— YEARS OF U.S. EXPANSION: 1816–1860

1818 Description of Oregon and California 1819 Assisting an American Seaman Stranded in Bermuda 1820–1821 The Acquisition of Florida

News from Madrid Taking Possession

1821 Surrender of Lima to San Martín: "South America . . . Forever Free" 1821 Independence of Mexico 1824 Suppression of the Slave Trade 1824 Pirates of the Caribbean 1827 Consular Service on the Western Frontier: "The Indians Stole My Horses" 1828–1829 The Demise of Greater Colombia

Revolt in Greater Colombia Prelude to Venezuela

1830 The French in Algeria: "Fear and Blood" 1830 France's July Revolution: "One of the Most Wonderful . . . in the History of the World" 1831 Preserving the Peace 1835 War in South Africa 1838 Savagery in Tahiti: "Twelf Wounds, Five upon My Head" 1840 Prelude to the Opium War 1840 Napoleon's Remains Go Home 1842 "Texians" to Arms as Mexicans Invade 1842 The French Seize Tahiti 1843 Insurgents Take Madrid 1843 Arabian Horses for President Tyler 1846 The Acquisition of New Mexico: ''Our Country Has Acquired without Bloodshed a Province" 1847 The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Expanding the Country without Instructions 1848 Recognizing the Republic of Venice 1851 Gold and Opportunity in Australia 1853 Guerrilla Warfare in Southeast Asia: The British in Burma 1853 First Visit to the Interior of China 1854 First Attempt to Annex Hawaii 1854 The Ostend Manifesto 1855 British Ignorance of U.S. Politics 1855 A Consular Case: "Assault with Intent to Commit Murder" 1857 The Indian Mutiny: "India Is Held by the Sword" 1858 Emancipation of the Russian Serfs 1858 Nicaragua: An Incident en Route to the Capital

PART III— THE CIVIL WAR ERA: 1861–1867

1861 Reactions to the American Civil War

The French Reaction The Portuguese Reaction The Russian Reaction The British Reaction The Spanish Reaction The Prussian Reaction The Mexican Reaction The Turkish Reaction

1861 The Death of Cavour, Hero of Italian Unification 1862 Confederates Chained in the Consulate

Arrested and Put in Irons A Protesting Mob

1862 The Monitor and the Merrimac: A Swedish Victory? 1862 Bureaucratic Mysteries in Japan 1862–1864 The Confederate Raider Alabama

Great Britain: The Launching of a "Formidable Gunboat" Portugal: News of the "Piratical Cruiser" Brazil: Six American Vessels Destroyed by the Alabama Cape Town: "Alabama Arrived on This Coast" France: ''The Kearsarge Sunk the Alabama This Morning"

1862 Foreign Recruits 1862 A Diplomatic Blunder: Garibaldi and the Civil War

Consul Canisius Approaches Garibaldi Secretary of State Seward Replies

1862 The Ottoman Empire: A Public Execution 1862 China's First Flag 1862 The Emancipation Proclamation: Turning the Tide in Europe 1863 Turmoil in the Balkans 1863 Japan: Legation Destroyed, No Fire Insurance 1863 Discovery of the Source of the Nile 1864 Tunisia's Tax Revolt 1864 Progress in Russia 1864 Karl Marx Congratulates Abraham Lincoln 1865 Lincoln Assassinated

Monrovia: "Very Melancholy Tidings" Peking: The News Reached Us in Forty Days

1865 Pestilence and Conflagration in Constantinople 1865 Pope Pius IX Comments on World Affairs: ''Anything but Satisfactory" 1866 The Fenian Invasion of Canada 1866 Insurrection in Spain: "My House Was Hit by One Cannon Ball" 1866 The Austro-Prussian War: Moving toward a German Empire 1866 The Continents United: The Transatlantic Cable 1866 Arresting a Lincoln Conspirator 1867 The Purchase of Alaska: "Seward's Folly" 1867 The Saga of Maximilian

The Siege of Mexico The Execution of Maximilian

PART IV— A PERIOD OF U.S. ISOLATION: 1868–1882

1868 Eyewitness to a Hara-Kiri 1868 A Grave Robber in Korea 1868 Earthquake: ''Ecuador Is in Ruins" 1871, 1874 Stanley and Livingstone

Stanley's First Expedition The Death of Dr. Livingstone

1871 A Prussian Victory: Paris Seems . . . to Have Died" 1871 The Paris Commune

The Commune Begins Paris in Flames

1871 Indian Depredations: "Murdering and Marauding Savages" on the Mexican Border 1873 Earthquake in San Salvador: ''A Terrific Reverberation, which Baffles Description" 1873 The Shah of Persia: "Studded All over with Diamonds, Rubies" 1873 Slaves for the Harem: Helpless Women and Eunuchs 1875 Anti-Jesuit Riots in Argentina 1875 A Court Occasion in Athens: Dancing with the Queen 1875 Eyewitness to an Attempted Revolution in Bolivia: "A Memorable Day" 1877 Unearthing the Arms of Venus de Milo 1877 Freeing a Slave in Egypt 1877 Shooting at the Moon in Constantinople: "A Curious Custom" 1878 The Royal Court of Spain: Pageantry and Tragedy

The Marriage of the King: "Comically Like a Scene from Cinderella" Death of the Queen: "A National Calamity"

1879 Cleopatra's Needle: An Obelisk for New York 1879 A Plague of Grasshoppers in the Caucasus 1879 Morocco: Inspiring Terror among the Rebels 1879 The German-Austrian Alliance 1880–1886 French Conquests in Africa

French Expansion in West Africa The French Move into Central Africa A French Protectorate in Madagascar

1880–1881 Czar Assassinated

"Dinner Fortunately Delayed" "Emperor Dead"

1880 The Consulate in Bangkok: In a "Disgraceful Condition" 1881 Lima Surrenders to Chilean Forces 1881 Immigration and Epidemic in Hawaii 1881 Pogroms in Russia: "More Worthy of the Dark Ages Than of the Present Century" 1881 A Memorial for President Garfield

PART V— THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY: 1883–1897

1883 The Steamship Aurania: "The Most Remarkable Ship that Has Ever Been Built" 1883 The Siamese Royal Elephant Hunt 1883 Eruption of Krakatau 1883 Antiforeign Riots in Canton: ''An Interesting Day" 1884 Early Vladivostok: "Caviar and Vodka" 1884 Accepting the Statue of Liberty 1885 Korea: Execution of Revolutionists 1885 The Central American Union: A Month of Turmoil

The Union Proclaimed The Union Ended

1885 Conditions in Central Africa 1886 End of Arab Power in East Africa 1887 The Trans-Siberian Railroad 1888 The Rothschilds at the Court of Vienna: "A Great Sensation" 1888 Slavery: Down but Not Out

China: Slavery Still Exists Brazil: Emancipation

1889 The Birth of International Organizations 1889 New Constitution for Japan: "The Most Important Political Event in the History of the Empire" 1889 Revolution in Brazil: "The Most Remarkable . . . in History" 1890 A Sacred and Curious Gift from Japan: A Rope of Human Hair 1890 Revolution and War in Central America

Revolution War Request for Assistance Armies at Rest Good Offices Armies Withdraw Armies Disband Peace and Order

1890 Conditions in Haiti: "Full of Promise" 1891 Civil War in Chile 1891 A Chinese Emperor's Daily Routine: "More Work than Any Other Sovereign" 1892 Famine in Russia: ''The Distress . . . Can Hardly Be Overstated" 1893 Punishment in Persia: Eighteen Lashes for Insulting an American 1893 Hawaii: A U.S. Protectorate 1893 Riots in Peru: Bullet in Leg but Archives Saved 1894 The Mosquito Reservation: "American to the Core" 1894 Troubles in Baghdad

Epidemic Slavery Persian Rugs: A Health Hazard

1894 The Sino-Japanese War 1894 An Arrest on the Mexican Border 1896 Shah of Persia Assassinated

PART VI— EMERGENCE OF THE UNITED STATES AS A WORLD POWER: 1898–1919

1898 The Maine

Rioting and Rumors Excitement and Uncertainty Quiet Postpone Ship's Visit The Maine Arrives No Sanitary Danger The Maine Destroyed

1898 Anti-American Riots in Spain 1898 The Battle of Manila Bay 1898–1900 The Great Gold Rush

Gold in the Yukon The Rush to Nome The Vice Consul's Claim

1900 The Boer War: "The Afrikander . . . Is to Be the Ruling Race of South Africa" 1900 The Boxer Rebellion: The Siege at Peking 1901 End of an Era: The Death of Queen Victoria 1901 Greece: Rioting against a Vulgar Bible 1901 First Nobel Prizes 1902 Universal Suffrage Riots in Belgium 1902 Establishing the Rhodes Scholarship 1903 Lawlessness in Lebanon: "Beirut Is Unsafe" 1904 Kurdish Outlaws: "Love of Blood and Pillage" 1906 Unrest in Moscow 1906 A Nobel Prize for President Roosevelt 1908 Atrocities in the Congo 1908 Constitutional Government in Turkey 1914–1917 Crisis with Mexico

Occupation of Veracruz Prisoner of the Mexicans Mexican Raid on Texas Pancho Villa's Depredations: "Bodies Left like Carrion"

1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 1914 Europe on the Brink of War

No War Localized War Civilization Threatened "Great Gloom" Country Unanimous for War Tears and Heartbreak

1914 Germany Victorious

Occupation of Brussels A Long War Germany Walking through the Opposing Forces

1915 The Political Process in Haiti

Elections Death of a President

1915 Human Shields at Gallipoli 1915 Armenian Genocide 1915 An Ambassador's Observation: "The Whole German People Is Dangerously Mad" 1917 The Zimmermann Telegram 1917 The Russian Revolution

PART VII— THE WORLD IN UPHEAVAL: 1920–1945

1921 Sun Yat-sen Elected President of China 1922 Nicaragua: The U.S. Minister Quells a Revolution 1923 Earthquake in Japan 1925 Revolt in Damascus 1927 Besieged by a Chinese Mob 1927 The Kellogg-Briand Pact: A Protocol to Outlaw War 1930 An Early Nazi Victory: Banning a Movie 1931 Views on Japan's Invasion of Manchuria 1932 Communist Uprising in El Salvador 1933 The Reichstag Fire: The Nazi Ascent to Power 1933, 1934 The National Socialist German Workers' Party: Seeking to Dominate the Globe

Germany: "A Very Dangerous Situation" An Assessment of the Nazi Leadership: "Unscrupulous Adventurers . . . Touched with Madness"

1933 Batista Seizes Power in Cuba 1934 Establishing Relations with the Soviet Union 1934 Nazis Assassinate the Austrian Chancellor 1936 The Italian Invasion of Ethiopia 1936, 1938 The Spanish Civil War

The Revolt Begins Bombing Civilians

1940 Great Britain on the Verge of Defeat

Churchill: England Will Never Give Up Kennedy: "The Situation . . . Could Not Be Worse" An Ambassador's Plea: Stay Out of the War

1940 The Fall of France

Communists in the French Army France Defenseless "The Greatest Attack in Human History"

1941 Early Warning of Pearl Harbor 1942 Gandhi and Civil Disobedience 1945 Suing for Peace

Himmler's Peace Proposal The Japanese Propose Surrender

PART VIII— THE COLD WAR: 1946–1964

1946 Progress in Honduras 1946 Revolution in Bolivia: Chance for Democracy 1948 Churchill on the Soviets: "Raze Their Cities" 1948 The Birth of Israel

Prelude to Independence American Consul General Shot by Sniper The Battle for Jerusalem The Siege of Jerusalem Assassination of a UN Envoy

1948 The Berlin Airlift 1949 China Goes Communist

A Call on the Ambassador Beaten in a Communist Jail: "No American Now Safe in China" The People's Republic Established

1949 Indonesian Independence 1950 Tito Comments on His Revolution 1950 The Perón Regime: "One of the Most Dramatic . . . Experiments in the History of the World" 1950 Riots in South Africa 1950 The Korean War

"An All Out Offense against ROK" Korean President: ''The Situation Came as No Surprise"

1951 Establishing a Mission in Kuwait 1953 The Mau Mau Revolt 1954 Dien Bien Phu: The French Defeated in Vietnam 1955 Two Views of the Chinese Communists

Nehru's Views Tito's Views

1955 Military Tensions in China 1956 The Suez Crisis

Ben-Gurion on Israeli Mobilization Nasser on Egypt's Military Reverses

1956 The Hungarian Uprising 1957 Sputnik 1959–1960 Castro and Communism in Cuba

The New Government: A "Friendly Relationship Can Be Established" Reassessing Castro No Hope of Good Relations Cuba Is Communist

1961 The Berlin Wall 1961 Vietnam: A "Powder Keg" 1963 Fomenting a Coup d'État in Vietnam

Planning the Overthrow of Diem The Coup Under Way The Coup Succeeds: ''Every Vietnamese Has a Grin on His Face Today"

1964 The Gulf of Tonkin Incident

INDEX

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T V W X Y Z

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