Nicopolis Ad Istrum III · A Late Roman and Early Byzantine City · the Finds and the Biological Remains by Poulter, Andrew -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PREFACE THE STRUCTURE AND PRESENTATION OF THE REPORT 1 - INTRODUCTION

The Aims of the Excavations at Nicopolis The Publication of the Excavations Dating The quantitative Assessment of the Data by Period The Excavations (Fig 1.4) The Results of the Excavation: a Summary The Transition to Late Antiquity programme (1996–2005)

2 - THE METALWORK

ITEMS OF DRESS AND PERSONAL ADORNMENT TOILET, SURGICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL INSTRUMENTS (Figs 2.6 and 2.7) DOMESTIC INSTRUMENTS, UTENSILS AND FURNITURE MATERIALS ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMALS TOOLS USED FOR AGRICULTURE, WOOD AND LEATHER WORKING STUDS AND MOUNTS (Fig 2.13) FITTINGS AND FASTENINGS (Fig 2.14) STRUCTURAL FITTINGS MILITARY EQUIPMENT MISCELLANEOUS (Fig 2.24) POST-MEDIEVAL FINDS NAILS (Fig 2.28) SCRAP FROM NICOPOLIS

3 - WORKED BONE

BONE PINS (Figs 3.1 and 3.2) NEEDLES (Fig 3.2) COMBS (Fig 3.3) SPOONS (Fig 3.3) BOXES (Fig 3.3) BEADS (Fig 3.3) DICE (Fig 3.3) COUNTERS (Fig 3.4) MOUNTS (Fig 3.4) HANDLES (Fig 3.4) PLANO-CONVEX STRIPS (Fig 3.4) LOOPED HANDLES (Fig 3.5) MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS (Fig 3.5) UNFINISHED BONE OBJECTS (Figs 3.5 and 3.6) ANTLER OBJECTS (Fig 3.6)

4 - BEADS AND GLASS, JET AND SHALE JEWELRY

BEADS (Fig 4.1) BRACELETS OF GLASS, JET AND SHALE (Fig 4.2) JET RINGS AND PIN (Fig 4.2)

5 - INTAGLIOS 6 - CERAMIC OBJECTS

FIGURINES (Figs 6.1 and 6.2) PLAQUE (Fig 6.3) TOYS? (Figs 6.3 and 6.4) REUSED CERAMICS (Figs 6.5 and 6.6) SYMMETRICAL PIECES (Fig 6.6) LOOM WEIGHTS (Fig 6.7) MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS (Figs 6.7 and 6.8) WARE DESCRIPTIONS

7 - THE LAMPS

LOCAL LAMPS

8 - SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION

RELIEF SCULPTURE (Figs 8.1–8.8) COLUMNS MOULDINGS FLOORING (Fig 8.20)

9 - THE WORKED PREHISTORIC LITHIC MATERIAL AND ITS POSSIBLE RE-USE

Description Raw Material Sources Dating On old things Conclusion

10 - THE LARGE MAMMAL AND REPTILE BONES

Introduction Methods Results Preservation and Taphonomy Anatomical Representation Dental Data Epiphyseal fusion data Sex Data Butchery Breed Types Palaeopathology Traumatic Injury Arthropathies and Joint Diseases Oral Pathology Infection Skeletal Abnormalities Cattle Biometry Pig Biometry Sheep Biometry Discussion Comparison with other sites in the region Conclusions Acknowledgements

11 - THE SMALL MAMMALS

Introduction Methods Taphonomy Results Discussion

12 - THE FISH REMAINS

Introduction Local rivers Methods and quantification Results Comparison with other sites Conclusions

13 - THE BIRD BONES

Introduction Material and Methods Results and Discussion: Species Composition The natural environment around the city The Nicopolis bird bone assemblage: Comparison with other published sites Conclusions

14 - THE HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS

SKELETON 1 SKELETON NUMBER 2 (Fig 14.1) SKELETONS 3 AND 4

15 - THE BOTANICAL REMAINS

Introduction On-Site Methodology Laboratory Methods Assessing the Data Towards an Understanding of Crop Husbandry Practices Crop Husbandry at Nicopolis Vetren and Iatrus (Krivina) Conclusions

16 - THE MOLLUSCA

Introduction Methods Results The Terrestrial Molluscan sequence in Area B Discussion Conclusions

17 - THE METALLURGICAL DEBRIS

Introduction Vitrified clay Low Density slags Dense Slags Iron Summary of metalworking activity Material by Period The steel samples Summary

INDEX ABBREVIATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY