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Index
Cover
Series page
Title page
Copyright page
List of Illustrations
List of Maps
Preface and Acknowledgments
How to Use This Book
Abbreviations
Glossary
Greek Weights, Measures, Coins, and the Athenian Calendar
Timeline
Introduction: The Evidence for Greek History and Culture
I The Archaeological Evidence
II Coins
II The Written Evidence
1 The World of Homer
1.1 A Funeral Scene on a Dipylon Vase
1.2 The Homeric Household (Oikos)
1.5 The Measure of Happiness
1.6 A Household in Trouble
1.7 Households and Community
1.8 Homeric Leaders
1.9 Kings, Council, and Assembly
1.11 Homeric Values: Honor and Excellence
1.12 Reciprocity and Guest-Friendship (Xenia)
2 The World of Hesiod
2.1 Individual, Communal, and Divine Justice
2.2 Women and Pandora’s Jar
2.4 The Value of Labor
2.6 The Orientalizing Period
3 The Early Greek Polis (City-State) and the Ethnos
3.1 The Homeric Polis
3.3 An Early Settlement on Andros (Zagora; ca. 700)
3.5 Ancient Views of the Origins of the Polis
3.6 Ethnos: The Ionians
4 Settlements Across the Sea: Greek “Colonization”
4.1 Greek Settlements in the Western Mediterranean
4.2 The Settlement at Pithecoussae (ca. 750)
4.4 The Foundation of Cyrene (631)
4.6 Mother-City and Colony: Corinth, Corcyra, and Epidamnus (435)
4.7 Settlers and Locals
4.8 Selinus (651/0?)
5 Aristocratic Power and Attitudes
5.1 Aristocratic Power and Offices in Athens
5.3 Aristocratic Exclusiveness
5.4 Aristocratic Anxiety
6 Archaic Tyranny
6.1 How Tyrants Attained Power
6.3 Cypselus’ Tyranny in Corinth (ca. 650-625)
6.4 Periander’s Tyranny in Corinth (625-585)
6.6 A Failed Attempt at Tyranny in Athens: Cylon (632)
7 Archaic and Classical Sparta
7.2 The Messenian Wars (735-650) and the Conquered Population
7.3 The Helots
7.4 Eliminating Helots
7.5 The Krypteia
7.6 Lycurgus’ Regulations
7.8 The Spartan Government and the Great Rhetra
7.9 Spartan Kingship
7.11 The Spartan Gerousia (Council)
7.12 The Ephors
7.14 State and Family: The Scrutiny of Spartan Babies
7.15 The Schooling of Boys
7.17 Girls’ Education and Rituals
7.19 Spartan Marriage
7.20 Wife-Sharing
7.22 The Common Messes
7.24 Spartan Equality: Ideology and Reality
7.25 Courage and Cowardice in Sparta
7.26 The Peloponnesian League and Spartan Alliances
7.28 King Cleomenes, Plataea, and Athens (519) L.
8 Hoplites and Their Values
8.1 Hoplites and Their Weapons
8.2 Standing in a Phalanx Formation
8.3 Hoplite Battles
8.4 Hoplite Ideals
8.6 The Spartan or Hoplite Ideology
8.7 Hoplites and Politics
9 Archaic Athens From Draco to Solon
9.1 Draco’s Law of Homicide (621/0) U
9.3 The Background to Solon’s Legislation
9.4 Solon’s Middle-of-the-Road Policy (594)
9.6 Solon’s Economic Regulations: Land and Debts
9.8 Solon’s Political Regulations
9.9 Solon’s Judicial Regulations
9.10 olonian Polis
10 Tyranny in Athens
10.2 Athens after Solon
10.3 Rivalryfor Power
10.4 stratus’ First Attempt at Tyranny (561/0)
10.5 stratus’ Second Attempt at Tyranny His Exile and Return (556-546)
10.7 Peisistratus’ Tyranny (546-528/7)
10.9 Tyranny and the Athenian Elite: The Archon List
10.10 The Athenian Tyrannicides (514/3)
10.12 The Expulsion of the Tyrants (511/0)
11 Cleisthenes and Athenian Democracy (508/7)
11.1 Cleisthenesand His Opposition
11.2 Cleisthenes Reforms (508/7)
11.4 Membership in the Deme
11.5 Ostracism (Ostrakismos)
11.7 Generalship
12 Archaic Society and Culture: Gender, Sexuality, Banquets, and Competition
12.1 Manly Youth: A Kouros
12.2 Homoerotic Couples
12.3 Courting Men and Women
12.4 Cretan Lovers
12.6 Sex, Power, and the Eurymedon Vase
12.8 The Banquet (Symposion)
12.9 Competition and the Rewards of Victory
12.11 Archaic Women: Sappho on Love
12.13 Seducing Maidens
12.15 Portraits of Wives
13 Archaic Law
14 Archaic Greek Religion
14.1 Herodotus on Homer and Hesiod’s Contribution to Greek Religion
14.3 Worship
14.4 Greek Temples and the Mysteries of Demeter in Eleusis
14.6 The Decree of Offering First-Fruits in Eleusis (420s)
15 The Ionian Revolt: Persians and Greeks
15.2 Persia and the Ionians
15.4 The Greek Tyrants at the Bridge (ca. 513)
15.6 The Causes of the Ionian Revolt (499-494)
15.8 Aristagoras’ Quest for Help in Greece (500)
15.10 The Fall of Miletus and Phrynichus’ Capture of Miletus (494)
15.11 The Change of Persian Policy in Ionia
16 The Battle of Marathon (490)
16.1 Darius Demands Surrender
16.3 The Persian Expedition and Athens’ Request for Help (490)
16.4 The Battle of Marathon (490)
16.5 An Attempt to Capture the City with Alcmeonid Aid?
16.6 The Fame of Marathon and Its Commemoration
17 The Persian War (480-479)
17.1 Greek Perspectives of the Persian War
17.3 Themistocles and His Naval Program
17.5 The Athenian Trireme
17.7 Greek Responses to Xerxes’ Invasion
17.9 The Hellenic Alliance Against Persia
17.10 The Greek Retreat from Thessaly and its Aftermath (480)
17.11 The Battle of Thermopylae (480)
17.13 The Evacuation of Athens
17.15 The Battle of Salamis (480)
17.17 The Battle of Plataea (479)
17.19 Commemorating the Battle of Plataea
17.21 The Battle of Mycale (479)
18 The Athenian Empire
18.1 Rebuilding Athens’ Walls (479/8)
18.3 Pausanias of Sparta, Athens, and the Allies
18.5 The Formation of the Delian League (478)
18.7 Cimon and the Athenian Empire: The Conquest of Eion, Scyros, Carystus, and Naxos (477/6-465)
18.9 Operations in Asia Minor and the Battle of Eurymedon (469-466)
18.11 Operations in Northern Greece (465/4-463/2)
18.12 Sparta’s Wars in the Peloponnese, the Great Helots’ Revolt, and the Mt. Ithome Affair (473-460)
18.14 The Messenians Settle Naupactus
19 Empowering Athenian Democracy (462/1-445/4)
19.1 Ephialtes’ Reforms (462/1)
19.3 Blocking Illegal Decrees (Graphê Paranomon)
19.4 Examination of State Officials (Dokimasia)
19.5 Rendering Accounts (Euthynai)
19.6 Expanding Eligibility to the Archonship
19.7 Pericles’ Democratic Measures
19.8 Democratic Mechanisms and State Salary (Misthos
19.9 Criticism of State Salaries
19.11 Pericles’ Citizenship Law (451/0)
19.13 Pericles and Thucydides Son of Melesias
20 War and Peace in Greece (461/0-437/6)
20.1 Athens’ Clash with Corinth Over Megara (461/0)
20.3 The Athenian Expedition to Egypt (460)
20.5 Athens Campaigns on Several Fronts (460-459)
20.7 The Long Walls (458)
20.9 The Battle of Tanagra (458)
20.11 The Peace of Callias (450?)
20.13 The Peloponnesian Invasion of Attica (446)
20.15 The Thirty-Year Peace Between Athens and Sparta (446/5)
20.17 Athenian Colonization and the Colony of Brea (447-445)
20.18 A Hippodamian City Plan
20.20 The Foundation of Amphipolis (437/6)
21 The Administration of the Empire and the Athenian Tribute Quota Lists
21.1 The Cleinias Decree
21.2 The Tribute Quota List of 453/2
21.3 The Erythraean Decree (453/2)
21.5 The Samian Revolt (441/0-440/39)
21.6 Allies’ Attitudes Toward the Empire
22 The City of Athens
23 The Sophists, Athenian Democracy, and Democracy’s Critics
23.1 The Sophists’ View of Justice
23.2 Right and Might
23.3 Justice and Expediency
23.4 Sophocles’ Antigone and the Debate with the Sophists
23.5 Tyranny and Democracy in Euripides’ Suppliant Women
23.7 Criticizing Democracy
24 The Causes of the Peloponnesian War and the Athenian and Spartan Strategies
24.1 Thucydides’ View of the Causes of the Peloponnesian War
24.3 The Megarian Decree (432?), Corinthian Pressure, and Spartan Demands
24.5 The Spartan (Archidamian) Strategy
24.7 The “Periclean Strategy”
25 The Peloponnesian War: The Archidamian War (431-421)
25.1 Athens and the Plague
25.3 Pericles’ Political Successors
25.5 Nicias and Cleon
25.7 The Pylos Campaign (425)
25.9 Brasidas
25.11 The Peace of Nicias (421)
26 Finances and Allies During the Archidamian War
26.1 A Spartan War Fund
26.2 Athenian Finance: Raising the Property Tax (Eisphora)
26.3 Raising the Tribute: The Thudippus Decree
26.5 Special Treatment: The Methone Decrees
26.6 The Athenian Coinage, Weights, and Measures Decree
27 The Uneasy Peace and the Sicilian Expedition (421-413)
27.1 Alcibiades
27.3 Egesta and the Origins of the Sicilian Expedition (416)
27.5 The Athenians’ Goals in Sicily
27.7 The Herms and Mysteries Affairs
27.9 Alcibiades Escapes to Sparta
27.11 Sparta Enters the War
27.13 The Athenian Defeat in Sicily
28 The Peloponnesian War: The Decelean War (413-404)
28.1 The Spartan Occupation of Decelea (413)
28.2 Sparta’s Maritime Strategy and Persia
28.4 The Athenian Oligarchy of 411
28.6 Ransoming Captives and the Selymbrian Decree (408-407)
28.8 Cyrus the Younger and Lysander of Sparta
28.10 The Arginusae Affair (406/5)
28.12 Athens’ Defeat and the End of the Peloponnesian War (405/4)
28.13 Honoring the Victor
29 The Rule of the Thirty, the Athenian Amnesty, and Socrates’ Trial
29.1 The Establishment of the Rule of the Thirty (404)
29.2 The Thirty Tyrants
29.3 The Fall of the Thirty (403)
29.5 The Spartans’ Grave at Athens and the Athenian Amnesty (403)
29.7 Socrates’ Trial (399)
30 Sparta After the Peloponnesian War: Politics, Wealth, and Demography
30.1 The Accession of Agesilaus II (400)
30.2 The Cinadon Conspiracy (400/399)
30.3 Empire and Wealth in Sparta
30.4 Epitadeus’ Law (?) and the Shortage of Men (Oliganthropia)
30.5 Princess Cynisca
31 The Spartan Hegemony, the Corinthian War, and the Peace of Antalcidas (404/3-388/7)
31.1 Sparta and Persia
31.3 Agesilaus’ Asian Campaign and Lysander’s Demotion
31.5 The Outbreak of the Corinthian War (395)
31.7 The Loss of Spartan Maritime Hegemony (394)
31.9 The Dexileus Monument
31.10 Peltasts and the Battle of Lechaeum (390)
31.12 The Peace of Antalcidas (388/7) M
31.14 The Call for a Panhellenic Campaign Against Persia
32 From the Peace of Antalcidas (388/7) to the Battle of Leuctra and Its Aftermath (371)
32.1 The Boeotian Federation in the Fourth Century
32.3 Sparta Dissolves Greek Federations in the Name of Autonomy
32.5 Spartan Occupation of the Cadmea (Citadel) of Thebes (382)
32.7 The Sphodrias Affair (379/8)
32.9 The Formation of the Second Athenian League (378/7)
32.10 Desiring Peace
32.11 The Common Peace of 371
32.12 The Sacred Band
32.13 The Battle of Leuctra (371)
32.15 The Foundation of Messene (370/69)
32.16 The Dissolution of the Peloponnesian League (365)
33 Jason of Pherae (?-370)
34 The Second Athenian League and Theban Hegemony
34.1 Athens’ Treatment of Chalcis (Euboea) and the Island of Paros (378/7-372)
34.2 Athens’ Colonization of Samos (365)
34.3 Athens’ Treatment of Arcesine (Amorgus; ca. 357/6)
34.5 The Theban Hegemony: A Theban Common Peace (367)
34.6 Thebes’ Treatment of Orchomenus (364)
34.8 The Battle of Mantinea (II; 362)
35 Running the Athenian Polis: Politics, Finances, Grain, and Trade in the Fourth Century
35.1 The Restored Athenian Democracy: Laws and Decrees
35.2 The Fourth-Century Assembly and Council
35.4 Fourth-Century Democratic Leadership
35.6 The Jury Courts
35.7 State Revenues and Taxation
35.9 Liturgies
35.10 Lightening the Burden: The Antidosis
35.12 The Theoric Fund
35.12 Financing Military Operations
35.13 The Grain Import
35.15 A Law of Coinage Certification
35.16 A Maritime Contract
36 Metics (Resident Aliens), Slaves, and Barbarians
37 Masculine and Feminine Gender in Classical Athens
37.1 Manly Ideals: The Ephebic Oath
37.2 The Manly Body
37.3 The Unmanly Man
37.5 Violence and Men in Love
37.6 Artisans and Manual Laborers
37.7 Men, Women, and the Household
37.8 Wives and Mothers
37.9 A Woman’s Lot
37.10 Running the Household
37.12 Virtuous and Unfaithful Women
38 Philip II of Macedonia (359-336)
38.1 Philip’s Accession and Challenges to his Rule (359)
38.3 Philip’s Military Reforms and Coinage
38.4 Philip’s Court: Companions and Royal Boys (Pages)
38.5 Philip’s Wives
38.6 Philip and the Third Sacred War (356-346)
38.8 Demosthenes’ War Plan Against Philip (352/1)
38.9 Philip’s Capture of Olynthus (348)
38.11 The Peace of Philocrates and the End of the Third Sacred War (346)
38.13 Athens Proclaims War on Philip (340)
38.15 The Battle of Chaeronea (338)
38.17 Philip and the Greeks after Chaeronea (338-336)
38.19 The Murder of Philip II (336) and the Royal Tombs at Vergina
39 Alexander the Great (336-323)
39.1 The Destruction of Thebes (335)
39.2 Alexander in Asia Minor (334-333)
39.4 The Battle of Issus (333)
39.6 Alexander Visits the Oracle of Ammon at Siwa (332/1) M
39.8 Fire in Persepolis (331-330)
39.9 Conspiracy in Court: The Philotas Affair (330)
39.10 Alexander Kills the Veteran General Cleitus (328)
39.11 Alexander Turns “Asian”
39.13 Victory in India (326)
39.14 Alexander, the Macedonians, Iranians, and the Opis Mutiny
39.16 Alexander and the Exiles Decree (324)
39.17 Alexander’s Death
References
Index of Ancient Sources
General Index
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