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Index
Contents
Part I: Value-Based Management, Corporate Social Responsibility, and the Purpose of the Corporation
1 The Purpose of a Corporation
Adam Smith and the Invisible Hand
A Stakeholder Perspective
Value(s)-Based Management: A Middle Ground
Summary: Creating Firm Value—Think Value(s)-Based Management
Appendix 1A: John Mackey and Milton Friedman on the Goal of the Firm
2 The Elements of Value-Based Management
Wealth Creation Is Not Universal
The Proper Design of a V[sub(s)]BM Program
Alternative Valuation Paradigms: Earnings versus Discounted Cash Flow
Connecting Business Strategies with the Creation of Firm Value
Summary
3 The Need to Measure What You Want to Manage
The Need for a Single Metric
Total Shareholder Return
Total Market Value
Accounting-Based Metrics
Think Economic Profits, Not Accounting Profits
Summary
Appendix 3A: Accounting versus Economic ROIC
Appendix 3B: More Problems with Accounting-Based Metrics
Part II: The Finer Details of Value-Based Management and Corporate Social Responsibility
4 Free Cash-Flow Valuation: The Foundation of Value-Based Management
The Beginning for Value-Based Management: Free Cash Flows
Free Cash Flow and Firm Valuation
Determining the Discount Rate
The Value Drivers: Digging Deeper
Summary
5 Pick a Name, Any Name: Economic Profit, Residual Income, or Economic Value Added
The Fundamental Concept: Residual Income or Economic Profits
A Comparison of the Residual Income and Free Cash Flow Approaches
“Fine-Tuning” Residual Income with EVA
More Than a Financial Exercise
Summary
Appendix 5A: The Equivalence of the Residual Income and Discounted Dividends Valuation Approaches
Appendix 5B: An Illustration of the Computation of EVA
Appendix 5C: Performance Evaluation Using CFROI
6 Corporate Social Responsibility: Putting the S in Value(s)-Based Management
The Moral Argument for CSR
The Economic Argument for CSR
CSR within a VBM Framework: The Academic Evidence
Driving the Value Drivers
Summary
Part III: VBM Applications
7 Project Evaluation Using the New Metrics
Example Capital Investment Project
Traditional Measures of Project Value
Using EVA to Evaluate Project Value Creation
Fixing the Problem
Unequal Cash Flows and Positive NPV
Summary
Appendix 7A: The Equivalence of MVA and NPV
8 Incentive Compensation: What You Measure and Reward Is What Gets Done
All-Too-Common Mistakes
Creating a Culture of Ownership
Determining a Firm’s Compensation Policy
Single-Period Performance Measures and Managerial Incentives
Managerial Decision Horizon and the Use of EVA
Extending Managerial Horizons
How Should Employee Compensation Be Structured?
Fairness as an Additional Characteristic of a Firm’s Compensation Policy
Summary
Appendix 8A: Whole Foods Market Executive Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Part IV: Lessons We Have Learned
9 Lessons Learned
VBM Studies Based on Archival Data
VBM Studies Based on Survey Data
More Recent Survey Evidence
Current CSR Research
Summary
Epilogue: Where We Are Now
Notes
References
Index
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B
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D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
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M
N
O
P
Q
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T
U
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W
X
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Z
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