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Index
Foreword
Contributors
Abbreviations
1. The Archaeology of Galilee and Palestine from the Maccabees to the Second Jewish Revolt (167 135
2. The Gospel Manuscript Tradition
3. The Language of the Gospels: Evidence from the Inscriptions and the Papyri 62
4. The Political Context
5. The Social Context
6. Second Temple Judaism
7. The Gospels and the Old Testament
8. The Gospels in Early Christian Literature
9. Non-Canonical Gospels
10. Who was Jesus?
11. The Markan Outline and Emphases
12. Distinctive Features of the Gospels
13. The Kingdom of God in the Proclamation of Jesus
14. The Parables
15. The Ethics of Jesus
16. The Miracles of Jesus
17. The Titles of Jesus
18. The Passion and Resurrection Narratives
Index of Ancient People
Index of Places
Nor were wars the only disasters that regularly overtook those living in Palestine during this perio
Life was precarious. Indeed it is no surprise that of every 100,000 babies born, only about 45,830
Yet curiously enough, despite all of the uncertainties of life, the period 167 BC-AD 135 enjoyed suf
Compared to other periods of human history, these were "good times" as well as "interesting times.
up only 6 percent of the population during this period, and that fewer than 10 percent of the total
[E]verybody engaged in the struggle to keep or take as large a share as possible of the annual grain
to take any surplus for its own purposes. Of course, except in the all too frequent times of war, en
It is possible to understand 1 Sam. 8:11-17 to suggest that at the very beginning stages of the Isra
Given that crop yields at the time were of the order of a four or fivefold increase in that which
Yet, for all their interest in exacting strict taxation, the interference of the ruling elite in the
The items that made up a villager's diet also changed little in the millennia between the time descr
The beginnings of the resulting revolt are to be found in a dramatic scene, described in 1 Mace. 2:1
This is important for Galilee because most of the villages still occupied at the time of Jesus were
The population of Galilee from the time of the Hasmoneans onwards is marked archaeologically by in
At the time of Jesus this was reflected in the complete absence of many of the otherwise regular fea
Jonathan Reed identifies four further features as indicators of Jewish religious identity: 1. chalk
The use of the more expensive stone vessels is thought to relate to Jewish purity laws. Plates and s
A miqveh is a distinctive small pool of water widely found in many Roman 1 archaeological sites. It
A then, is a feature that represents distinctive Jewish religious practices of the Ossuaries are
The prescription against eating pork is again related to the question of was unclean meat (Lev. 1
importantly, these four indicators are absent from other villages that have been excavated outside o
While in the area, Pompey also reorganized the political geography at the expense of the Hasmoneans,
At its greatest extent, during the Byzantine period, the village of Capernaum extended along the lak
The village already possessed a seawall and paved promenade along the lakeshore at the time of Jesus
Behind this promenade, the village consisted almost entirely of single-storied rooms built around
What is missing from the reconstruction in figure 3, of course, is people. Two or more families woul
Today the remains of a large synagogue built using well shaped limestone dominates the site. Over 30
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