The International Handbook of Black Community Mental Health by Majors, Richard -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Copyright Contents List of Tables and Figures About the Editors About the Authors Foreword Prologue

References

Prelude Acknowledgements

Richard Majors Karen Carberry Theodore S. Ransaw

Black Mental Health and the New Millennium: Historical and Current Perspective on Cultural Trauma and ‘Everyday’ Racism in White Mental Health Spaces — The Impact on the Psychological Well-being of Black Mental Health Professionals

Everyday Racism Racialising and Biased Roots of Schizophrenia Roots of Mistrust Racial and Cultural Trauma Cultural Competence Conclusion References Addenum

COLUMBIA-SUICIDE SEVERITY RATING SCALE (C-SSRS)

Structure of the Book

Part I – Race Relations Part II – Policy Part III – Interventions Part IV – Theory and Practice Part V – Clinical Practice Part VI – Recommendations References

Part I. Race Relations

Chapter 1. Systemic Racism: Big, Black, Mad and Dangerous in the Criminal Justice System

Introduction Over-representation in Mental Ill Health and Custody Reasons for Over Representation Big, Bad and Dangerous Inertia Following Inquires Why Institutional Racism is Not the Answer Systemic Racism Colonisation; Native, Object and Possession Postcolonial Theory – The Legacy Systemic Racism Explanations References

Chapter 2. In the Name of Our Humanity: Challenging Academic Racism and its Effects on the Emotional Wellbeing of Women of Colour Professors

Introduction Leadership: Challenging Traditions and Setting another Example

Understanding and Solidarity

Advocacy in Case of Discrimination Orchestrating Multi-dimensional Identities Critical Knowledge in a Multi-layered Society Conclusions References

Chapter 3. Racial Battle Fatigue: The Long-Term Effects of Racial Microaggressions on African American Boys and Men

Introduction Discussion

Racism and Health: Mechanisms Racial Disparities in Health

Conclusion References

Chapter 4. Racism in Academia: (How to) Stay Black, Sane and Proud as the Doctoral Supervisory Relationship Implodes

Introduction The Conceptualisation of the ‘Ivory Tower’ of Academia The Under Representation of Black People on the Journey to the Ivory Tower Outsiders in the Ivory Tower Mental Health within the Ivory Tower Dysconscious Racism Our Stories Black: The Lens We are Seen Through The Shift in Supervisory Relationships Questioning the Others’ Competence Changing Research Topic: For Whose Benefit Misunderstandings The Endings

Rosie’s Ending Peter’s Ending My Ending

A New Beginning Ways Forward Post Script References

Chapter 5. Implicit Provider Bias and its Implications for Black/African American Mental Health

Introduction Implicit Provider Bias and Black/African American Mental Health Social Determinants of Health and Black/African American Mental Health Barriers to Mental Health in the Black/African American Community Review of the Literature Psychosocial Issues Affecting Black/African American Mental Health Cultural Responses to Implicit Provider Bias Community Engagement with the Black/African American Community Cultural Competence and Cultural Humility in Black/African American Mental Health Strategies to Reduce Implicit Bias Summary References

Part II. Policy

Chapter 6. Thirty Years of Black History Month and Thirty Years of Overrepresentation in the Mental Health System

Why Black Mental Health Matters From Uprising and Riots in the 1980s to the Millennials MHA and CTOs From Striving to Thriving References

Chapter 7. Race and Risk – Exploring UK Social Policy and the Development of Modern Mental Health Services

From Asylums to Community Care Staffing the NHS Debating Poor Outcomes One in Four The Stafford Hospital – Campaigning for Quality Care Too Late to Receive Care? Working with the Mental Health Act – Responsibilities and Rights for Relatives Staying Involved The Rise of Safeguarding and New Opportunities Safeguarding Is Personal Categories of Abuse Summary References

Chapter 8. Remaining Mindful about Children and Young People

Impact of Race and Ethnicity Terminology Lack of Data Why Focus on Children and Young People? Policy and Strategic Landscape Commissioning Services The Voluntary and Community Sector What Young People have to Say Conclusion References

Part III. Interventions

Chapter 9. Cultural Competencies in Delivering Counselling and Psychotherapy Services to a Black Multicultural Population: Time for Change and Action

Notions of Culture The Evidence for MCC Efficacy The Need for Targeted Therapy Services and Training Individual and Professional Practice Issues Effecting MCC References

Chapter 10. Social and Emotional Education and Emotional Wellness: A Cultural Competence Model for Black Boys and Teachers

What is EMOTIONAL LITERACY? General Overview: Comments and Recommendations Note References Addendum

Emotional Literacy

The methodology Aim of the section Case study Points for discussion Role play Activity sheet Self-reflection Final group discussion Teacher empathy emotional and relational competencies School ethos

Relational Relational

Why is this attribute important?

Case Study

Points for discussion Additional points

Role play Activity Sheet Self-reflection Final Group Discussion Crisis Time/Non-crisis Time Interactions and ‘Mini-communications’: How to Improve Behaviour and Communication with Young People

Learning outcomes

Success criteria Tipping moment exercise (in pairs)

‘Crisis time’ vs. ‘non-crisis time’ interactions and ‘mini-communications’: how to improve behaviour and communication with young people

Non-crisis Time Interaction Exercise The Emotional Literacy Reflective Interactive Tool

Exercise

I. Emotional Recognition II. Emotional Understanding III. Emotional Analysis IV. Emotional Regulation Scoring the TELS

What the TELS scores mean Scoring the paper-based version

Enthusiasm: Confidence: School Ethos: Optimism: Power: Forgiveness: Youth Culture: Social Justice: Relational: Trust: Compassion:

Chapter 11. ASD and Cultural Competence: An ASD Multicultural Treatment-Led Model

Introduction

An Example of How It May Feel to Be on the Autism Spectrum

ASD’s Definition and Diagnosis Criteria Impact of Changes to the Diagnostic Criteria

Early Screening and Treatment for ASD Recommended

Autism and Theory of Mind Research Cultural Competence and Diagnostic Failings in ASD Assessment in a BME Population

Tackling Inequalities Neuroscience-led ASD Assessment for the Future

ASD: Treatment and Therapeutic Interventions

The Future

Conclusion References

Chapter 12. Moving Young Black Men Beyond Survival Mode: Protective Factors for Their Mental Health

Introduction Background

The Experts Stressors and Coping

Failure Is Built In

The MEE Eight Variables Model

The Mental Health Treatment System Is Broken

Stigmas within the Black Community Knowledge and Attitudes about Mental Health Programs and Services Mistrust of Mental Health Treatment Services How Mental Health Providers View Protective Factors

Resiliency – Moving Beyond Survival Mode

Take Care of Self / Take Care of Others Sense of Self (Self-esteem) Improvisation Connectedness to Positive People, Places, and Things to Do Having a Plan and a Plan B Higher Purpose Navigating Systems Current State of Resiliency Evaluate This Primary Prevention Faster Recovery Addressing Other Health Disparities Trends in Funding

Conclusion References

Chapter 13. African Americans and the Vocational Rehabilitation Service System in the United States: The Impact on Mental Health

African Americans and Mental Health African Americans and Employment The Vocational Rehabilitation Program VR Services for African American with Mental Health Diagnoses Recommendations Supported Employment Self-employment Conclusions References

Chapter 14. Targeted Intervention in Education and the Empowerment and Emotional Well-being of Black Boys

The Challenges Affecting Black Boys in Schools in the UK Excell3’s Black Boys Can Intervention Programmes The Impact of Targeted Intervention for Disadvantaged Pupils Conclusions References

Part IV. Theory and Practice

Chapter 15. Toward Positions of Spiritual Reflexivity as a Resource: Emerging Themes and Conversations for Systemic Practice, Leadership, and Supervision within Black Mental Health

Introduction: The Significance of Spirituality for Black Mental Health Professionals and Service Users What Is Spiritual Reflexivity? Power, Discourse, and Mental Health Toward a Representation of Spiritual Reflexivity: Using a Metaphor of the GPS Reflexivity in Clinical and Leadership Practice A Supervision Case Example: Staying Connected and Repositioning Practice with the GPS Creating an Environment for Transformative Practice: Potentiality and Possibility Embodied Spirituality Within a Mental Health Journey Summary References Appendix 1: Poem

Faith

Appendix 2: A Narrative From My Research Supervision Journal

Chapter 16. ‘Marginal Leaders’: Making Visible the Leadership Experiences of Black Women in a Therapeutic Service for Disenfranchised Young People

Introduction CSE: A UK Context The Diverse Leadership Deficit Who Are We? How Did Our Paths Cross? Reflections on Becoming ‘Leaders’

Romana Farooq Tânia Rodrigues

The Clash of the Titans: Pseudo-leadership So What Does This Mean? References

Chapter 17. Forty Years in the Wilderness: A Review of Systemic Barriers to Reducing the Over-Representation of Black Men in the UK Psychiatric System

What We Know Recurrent and Repeated Themes Being or Becoming Ill The Persecutory System Loss Experiences Development of the Persecutory Framework Still in the Wilderness Analysis and Conclusions References

Chapter 18. Oppositional and Defiant Behaviours Among Black Boys in Schools: Techniques to Facilitate Change

Personal Construct Psychology Self-organised Learning, A Model of Change The PSOR Model

Purpose, Strategy, Outcome, Review (PSOR)

Reviewing the Process

Purposes Strategies Outcomes Review

Concluding Thoughts References

Chapter 19. Black Therapists – White Families, Therapists’ Perceptions of Cultural Competence in Clinical Practice

Introduction

Caribbean Migration and Acculturation Second Generation Socialisation Cultural Perception Study Design Choice Black Racial Identity Status White Racial Identity Status Authors’ Therapeutic Experience

Method

Materials Participants Demographic Characteristics Procedure Design Ethical Issues Significant Findings

Discussion

Eye Contact The Impact of Curiosity Reflexivity When Working within the Insider/Outsider Position Status of Clients and Therapists’ Own Racial Identity Importance of Working with a ‘Not Knowing’ Position Limitations and Future Directions

Conclusion References Appendix 1: Personal Data Sheet Appendix 2: Summary of the Black and White Racial Identity Statuses (Helms & Cook, 1999)

Black Racial Identity Status

Conformity (Pre-encounter) stage Dissonance (Encounter Stage) Immersion Stage Emersion Internalisation Integrative Awareness

White Racial Identity Status

Contact Disintegration Reintegration Pseudo-Independence Immersion Emersion Autonomy

Appendix 3: Questionnaire

Chapter 20. Transracial Adoption and Mental Health

Changes in Law and Political Backtracking

The Historical Position

Looked After Black Children in Social Services Care The Mental Health of Looked After Children in the UK References

Chapter 21. Dementia and its Impact on Minority Ethnic and Migrant Communities

Introduction

What is Dementia?

The Impact of Dementia in the Economically Underdeveloped World An Overview of Dementia in Minority Ethnic and Migrant Communities in the Economically Developed World

Minority Ethnic and Migrant Communities and Dementia in the United States Minority Ethnic and Migrant Communities and Dementia in the UK Minority Ethnic and Migrant Communities and Dementia in Europe and Other Parts of the Economically Developed World Minority Ethnic and Migrant Communities and Healthcare Rights

Mobilizing an International Approach to Dementia in Minority Ethnic and Migrant Health Communities Summary References

Chapter 22. Mental Health/Illness Revisited in People of African-Caribbean Heritage in Britain

Background to the Hagar Mental Health project Definition of Schizophrenia Medical Definition of Personality Disorder Definition of Depression Observations and Unstructured Interviews with Advocates and Members of the Mental Health Project for African-Caribbean Black and Minority Ethnic (ACBME)

Respondent 1 Respondent 2 Respondent 3 Respondent 4 Respondent 5

Observations and Unstructured Interviews with Advocates and Members of the Mental Health Project for ACBME Analysis References

Chapter 23. Researching African-Caribbean Mental Health in the UK: An Assets-based Approach to Developing Psychosocial Interventions for Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses

Overarching Takeaway Introduction

African-Caribbean Mental Health in the UK

Seeking Solutions: An Assets-based, Community-centred Approach FI ‘Talking Treatment’ What Does CaFI for Schizophrenia Look Like? Testing CaFI Discussion and Conclusion Implications Wider Context of CaFI Acknowledgments and Compliance with Ethical Standards Funding Disclaimer References

Chapter 24. ‘Lone Wolf’ Case Study Considerations of Terrorist Radicalisation from the Black Experience

The UK Case Study: Richard Reid The US Case: Carlos Bledsoe Potential Explanations for the Terrorist Inclinations of Reid and Bledsoe

Application of Aspects of Attachment Theory to Reid and Bledsoe

References

Part V. Clinical Practice

Chapter 25. Spotlight on Sensory Processing Difficulties

What Is Sensory Processing and Why Is It Important? Example 1 of Sensory Processing Expected Response Example 2 of Under Responsive Sensory Processing Example 3 of Over Responsive Sensory Processing Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) Sensory Integration Occupational Therapists Example 4: SPD versus Social Anxiety Sensory Profile Self-regulation Example 5: Alert Programme Strategies Sensory Modulation Programmes SPD and African Caribbean Community Behaviours That Might Indicate SPD Explaining SPD to Young People, Parents and Teachers What Can We Do Try To Help? Conclusion References Bibliography

Chapter 26. Forced Marriage as a Representation of a Belief System in the UK and its Psychological Impact on Well-being

Introduction

Structure of This Chapter

Honor

Izzat and Sharam Belief Systems Within South Asian Families

Clinical Practice

Vignette 1 Process of the Work Vignette 2 Process of the Work Reflections

Positioning Theory – Professionals and Families The Effect of Migration and the Diaspora on Belief Systems

Maintaining the Concept of Honor Marriage

Discussion and Clinical Implications

Psychological Effects Upon Children and Young People Positioning and Curiosity Self-reflexivity: The Self of the Therapist Parental Alienation

Conclusion Pointers for Practice References

Chapter 27. Systemic Family Therapy with Transgenerational Communities in Haiti and the Dominican Republic

Introduction History Class Structure The Dominican Republic

1630–1659 Spanish, French and English Treaties

Haiti

1859–1870 Establishment of the First Black Republic

Political Unrest Mental Health Services Mission as a Vehicle for Delivering Family Therapy within the Community Airport Experience – Witnessing Oppression Haitian Family Life Working with Fathers Incorporating Spirituality in Systemic Family Therapy in Communities Family Therapy in the Context of Community Following Transgenerational Trauma and Earthquake Survival Expanding the Psycho-educative Approach The Intervention Use of Curiosity Joining: Eye Contact and Safe Touch (Handshake) Brief Thematic Overview of the Work Attachment Community Tasks Managing Challenging Teenagers Vignette

Mothering – Testimony

Working with Families in the Dominican Republic – Dealing with Rejection Pastors as Counsellors and Translators Summary and Conclusion Ethical Considerations References

Chapter 28. Engaging with Racialized Process in Clinical Supervision: Political or Personal

Introduction Uses of the Mental Health Act and Ethnicity REF References

Part VI. Recommendations

Chapter 29. Recommendations

Glossary Index

← Prev
Back
Next →

← Prev
Back
Next →