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Index
Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Contributors Preface Abbreviations Psalms Introduction I. BOOK I: PSALMS 1-41
Compositional Outline A. Psalm 1: God’s Blessing on the Godly
1. The Discriminating Way of the Godly (1:1-2) 2. The Future of the Godly and the Wicked Contrasted (1:3-5) 3. The Discriminating Way of God (1:6)
B. Psalm 2: The Messianic King
1. The Rebellious Nations (2:1-3) 2. God’s Rule in Heaven (2:4-6) 3. God’s Decree (2:7-9) 4. The Rule of the Messiah on Earth (2:10-12)
C. Psalm 3: Quietness amid Troubles
1. Lament over the Enemies (3:1-2) 2. Prayer to the Lord (3:3-4) 3. Trust in the Lord (3:5-6) 4. Prayer for Deliverance and Expression of Hope (3:7-8)
D. Psalm 4: An Evening Hymn (in Despondency)
1. Prayer (4:1) 2. Call for Trust in the Lord (4:2-5) 3. Prayer (4:6-7) 4. Expression of Trust (4:8)
E. Psalm 5: A Morning Prayer (in Anticipation of God’s Presence)
1. Prayer for God’s Justice (5:1-3) 2. Affirmation of God’s Hatred of Evil (5:4-6) 3. Hope in Fellowship with God (5:7) 4. Prayer for and Hope in God’s Righteousness (5:8-12)
F. Psalm 6: A Prayer (in Deep Anguish)
1. Prayer for God’s Favor (6:1-3) 2. Prayer for God’s Love (6:4-5) 3. Need for God’s Love (6:6-7) 4. Prayer for God’s Favor (6:8-10)
G. Psalm 7: The Righteous God Loves the Righteous
1. Prayer for Refuge (7:1-2) 2. Oath of Innocence (7:3-5) 3. God’s Righteous Judgment (7:6-13) 4. Judgment of the Guilty (7:14-16) 5. Praise of God’s Righteousness (7:17)
H. Psalm 8: The Glory of the Creator and of Humankind
1. Ascription of Praise (8:1a) 2. The Glory of the Great King (8:1b-2) 3. God’s Interest in Humankind (8:3-4) 4. Humankind’s Derived Glory (8:5) 5. Humankind’s Glory as Ruler (8:6-8) 6. Concluding Ascription of Praise (8:9)
I. Psalm 9: Prayer and Praise for God’s Just Rule of the Nations
1. Individual Praise (9:1-2) 2. Judgment on the Wicked (9:3-6) 3. Hope in God’s Just Rule (9:7-10) 4. Communal Praise and Individual Prayer (9:11-14) 5. Judgment on the Wicked (9:15-18) 6. Hope in God’s Just Rule (9:19-20)
J. Psalm 10: The Rule of Human Beings and God’s Kingship
1. Questions (10:1) 2. The Rule of the Wicked (10:2-11) 3. Prayer for Deliverance (10:12-15) 4. The Rule of God (10:16) 5. Resolution (10:17-18)
K. Psalm 11: Refuge in the Righteous King
1. Refuge in God (11:1-3) 2. Yahweh Is the Righteous King (11:4-6) 3. God Is the Refuge of the Righteous (11:7)
L. Psalm 12: Lying Tongues and the Truthfulness of God’s Word
1. Prayer for Deliverance (12:1-4) 2. Promise of the Lord (12:5) 3. Reflection on God’s Promises (12:6) 4. Prayer for Deliverance (12:7-8)
M. Psalm 13: Waiting for God’s Salvation
1. Expression of Despair: How Long? (13:1-2) 2. Expression of Prayer: Give Me Light! (13:3-4) 3. Expression of Hope and Trust: Let Me Sing! (13:5-6)
N. Psalm 14: God Deals with Foolish Evildoers
1. The Fool (14:1) 2. The Lord’s Perspective (14:2-3) 3. The Prophetic Perspective (14:4-6) 4. The Hope of the Righteous (14:7)
O. Psalm 15: Who May Live in God’s Presence?
1. The Question (15:1) 2. The Response (15:2-5a) 3. The Promise (15:5b)
P. Psalm 16: Refuge in the Lord
1. Confidence in the Lord (16:1-4) 2. The Experience of Faith (16:5-6) 3. Confidence in the Lord (16:7-8) 4. The Experience of Faith (16:9-11)
Q. Psalm 17: A Prayer for God’s Justice
1. Prayer of a Righteous Person (17:1-5) 2. Prayer for Protection (17:6-9) 3. The Wicked (17:10-12) 4. Prayer for Deliverance (17:13) 5. The Wicked (17:14) 6. Hope in Righteousness (17:15)
R. Psalm 18: Royal Thanksgiving
1. Yahweh, the Rock of Israel (18:1-3) 2. Affliction (18:4-6) 3. The Lord’s Coming to Help (18:7-15) 4. The Lord’s Deliverance (18:16-19) 5. God’s Faithfulness to the Faithful (18:20-29)
a. Our Faithfulness to God (18:20-24) b. God’s Faithfulness to Us (18:25-29)
6. The Lord’s Goodness (18:30-45)
a. The Divine Perfections (18:30-36) b. The King’s Victory over the Enemies (18:37-42) c. The Glorious Deliverance (18:43-45)
7. Yahweh, the Rock of Israel (18:46-50)
S. Psalm 19: God’s Perfections Revealed in Work and Word
1. The Revelation of Creation (19:1-6)
a. The Revelation of the Skies (19:1-4b) b. The Revelation of the Sun (19:4c-6)
2. The Revelation of God’s Law (19:7-11) 3. Prayerful Reflection (19:12-14)
T. Psalm 20: Prayer for Victory
1. Prayer in Need (20:1) 2. Prayer for God’s Royal Help (20:2-4) 3. Rejoicing in Anticipation (20:5) 4. Confidence in God’s Royal Help (20:6-8) 5. Prayer in Need (20:9)
U. Psalm 21: The Rule of God through His King
1. The King’s Joy in the Lord’s Strength (21:1) 2. God’s Gifts to His King (21:2-6) 3. The King’s Response (21:7) 4. The People’s Expectations of the King (21:8-12) 5. The People’s Joy in the Lord’s Strength (21:13)
V. Psalm 22: Anguish and Joy
1. God’s Abandonment, Rule, and Praise of Israel (22:1-5) 2. Public Spectacle (22:6-8) 3. God’s Covenantal Responsibilities (22:9-11) 4. Abandonment and Prayer for Covenantal Favor (22:12-21)
a. The enemies (22:12-13) b. Personal anguish (22:14-15b) c. Severity of the situation—life itself (22:15c) d. The enemies (22:16a) e. Personal anguish (22:16b-17) f. Severity of the situation—life itself (22:18) g. Cry for help (22:19) h. Severity of the situation—life itself (22:20a) i. Enemies and cause of anguish (22:20b-21)
5. Public Praise (22:22-24) 6. God’s Presence and Rule: The Praise of Israel and the Nations (22:25-31)
W. Psalm 23: The Goodness of God
1. The Lord Is My Shepherd (23:1-4) 2. The Lord Is My Host (23:5-6)
X. Psalm 24: The King of Glory Is Our God
1. The Great King (24:1-2) 2. The Hill of the Lord (24:3-6) 3. The Divine Warrior (24:7-10)
Y. Psalm 25: A Prayer for Deliverance, Guidance, and Forgiveness
1. Prayer for Deliverance and Guidance (25:1-3) 2. Prayer for Guidance and Forgiveness (25:4-7) 3. Assurance of Guidance (25:8-10) 4. Prayer for Forgiveness (25:11) 5. Assurance of Guidance (25:12-14) 6. Prayer for Deliverance and Protection (25:15-22)
Z. Psalm 26: The Innocent’s Plea for Redemption
1. Prayer for Vindication and Affirmation of Innocence (26:1-3) 2. Dissociation from Evil (26:4-5) 3. Affirmation of Innocence and Love for the Lord (26:6-8) 4. Dissociation from Evil (26:9-10) 5. Affirmation of Innocence and Prayer for Redemption (26:11-12)
AA. Psalm 27: Confidence in the Lord
1. Confidence in God’s Presence (27:1-3) 2. Prayer for God’s Presence (27:4-6) 3. Prayer for God’s Presence (27:7-12) 4. Confidence in God’s Presence (27:13-14)
BB. Psalm 28: Prayer to the Lord, My Strength and My Shield
1. Personal Prayer (28:1-2) 2. Prayer for Justice (28:3-5) 3. Trust in God’s Justice (28:6-8) 4. Personal Intercession (28:9)
CC. Psalm 29: The Victorious Kingship of Yahweh
1. In Praise of Yahweh’s Kingship (29:1-2) 2. The Glorious Voice of Yahweh (29:3-9) 3. In Praise of Yahweh’s Kingship (29:10-11)
DD. Psalm 30: Praise for God’s Faithfulness in a Time of Need
1. Praise for God’s Wonderful Acts (30:1-3) 2. God’s Favor and Anger (30:4-7) 3. Praise for God’s Wonderful Acts (30:8-12)
EE. Psalm 31: How Great Is Your Goodness!
1. Prayer (31:1-18)
a. Prayer for Yahweh’s Righteousness (31:1-5) b. Expression of Trust (31:6-8) c. Prayer for Yahweh’s Favor (31:9-13) d. Expression of Trust (31:14-18)
2. Thanksgiving (31:19-24)
FF. Psalm 32: The Blessing of Forgiveness and Wise Living
1. Blessing of Forgiveness (32:1-2) 2. Lesson from Experience (32:3-5) 3. God’s Protection (32:6-7) 4. Promise of Wisdom (32:8) 5. Lesson from Experience (32:9) 6. God’s Protection (32:10) 7. Rejoicing in Forgiveness (32:11)
GG. Psalm 33: The Lord Is a Sovereign and Gracious Ruler
1. Song of Praise (33:1-3) 2. Perfections of Yahweh (33:4-5) 3. Yahweh Is the Creator-Ruler (33:6-11) 4. Yahweh Is the Ruler over Humankind (33:12-17) 5. Yahweh’s Love for His People (33:18-19) 6. Hope in Yahweh’s Love (33:20-22)
HH. Psalm 34: Wise Counsel for the Poor of Heart
1. Thanksgiving for God’s Goodness and Justice (34:1-7)
a. Individual and communal praise (34:1-3) b. Individual and communal experiences (34:4-7)
2. In Praise of Wisdom (34:8-22)
a. Exhortation to wisdom (34:8-14) b. The rewards of wisdom (34:15-22)
II. Psalm 35: A Prayer for Vindication
1. Call on the Divine Warrior (35:1-10) 2. The Troubled Soul (35:11-18) 3. Prayer for Vindication (35:19-25) 4. Joy of Deliverance (35:26-28)
JJ. Psalm 36: The Blessedness of the Wise
1. The Nature of the Wicked (36:1-4) 2. The Wisdom of God (36:5-6) 3. The Joys of Wisdom (36:7-9) 4. Prayer for Protection from Evil (36:10-12)
KK. Psalm 37: Wise Living in a Crooked Generation
1. Exhortation to Hope in the Lord’s Deliverance (37:1-6) 2. The Comfort of Divine Retribution (37:7-11) 3. The Contrastive Ways of the Righteous and the Wicked (37:12-26) 4. Call for Wise Living in View of the Belief in Divine Retribution (37:27-33) 5. Exhortation to Hope in the Lord’s Deliverance (37:34-40)
LL. Psalm 38: A Prayer for Reconciliation
1. Prayer for Reconciliation (38:1-4) 2. Pain of Anguish (38:5-12) 3. Prayer for Vindication (38:13-16) 4. Pain of Injustice (38:17-20) 5. Prayer for Reconciliation (38:21-22)
MM. Psalm 39: A Stranger to Life and an Alien with God
1. Silence before the Lord (39:1-3) 2. Prayer for Divine Illumination (39:4-6) 3. Prayer for Deliverance (39:7-8) 4. Silence before the Lord (39:9) 5. Prayer for Divine Sustenance (39:10-11) 6. Prayer for Deliverance (39:12-13)
NN. Psalm 40: The Joyful Experience and Expectation of Salvation
1. Personal Experience of Salvation (40:1-3) 2. Blessedness of God’s Protection (40:4-5) 3. Expression of Commitment (40:6-8) 4. Proclamation of God’s Perfections (40:9-10) 5. Prayer for God’s Perfections (40:11) 6. Confession of Sin (40:12) 7. Prayer for God’s Protection (40:13-16) 8. Personal Need of Salvation (40:17)
OO. Psalm 41: God’s Blessings in Adversity
1. Affirmation of God’s Blessings (41:1-3) 2. Prayer for Healing (41:4) 3. The Words of the Enemies (41:5-9) 4. Prayer for Healing (41:10) 5. Confidence in God’s Blessings (41:11-12) 6. Concluding Doxology to Book I (41:13)
II. BOOK II: PSALMS 42-72
Compositional Outline A. Psalms 42-43: Hoping in the Lord’s Salvation
1. Lament (42:1-4) 2. Hope (42:5-6a) 3. Lament (42:6b-7) 4. Hope (42:8) 5. Lament (42:9-10) 6. Hope (42:11) 7. Lament (43:1-4) 8. Hope (43:5)
B. Psalm 44: Redeem Us Because of Your Unfailing Love
1. God’s Past Acts of Deliverance (44:1-3) 2. Confidence in God (44:4-8) 3. Suffering and Disgrace (44:9-16) 4. Claim of Innocence (44:17-22) 5. Prayer for Deliverance (44:23-26)
C. Psalm 45: The Wedding of a Son of David
1. Introduction (45:1) 2. The Royal Groom (45:2-9)
a. Address to the king (45:2-5) b. The glory of the bridegroom (45:6-9)
3. The Royal Bride (45:10-15)
a. Address to the bride (45:10-12) b. The glory of the bride (45:13-15)
4. Conclusion (45:16-17)
D. Psalm 46: The God of Jacob Is Our Fortress
1. Confession (46:1, 7, 11) 2. Theophany (46:2-6) 3. Prophetic Oracle (46:8-10)
E. Psalm 47: Yahweh Is the Victorious King
1. Praise of Yahweh’s Mighty Acts (47:1-2) 2. Yahweh’s Mighty Acts (47:3-4) 3. Yahweh’s Victorious Kingship (47:5-6) 4. Yahweh Is King (47:7-8) 5. Universal Acknowledgment of Yahweh’s Kingship (47:9)
F. Psalm 48: The Beautiful City of God
1. Our God Is the Great King (48:1-3) 2. The Perfections of Our God (48:4-11) 3. The Great King Is Our Shepherd (48:12-14)
G. Psalm 49: The Folly of Riches without Wisdom
1. Introduction (49:1-4) 2. Question (49:5-6) 3. The Certainty of Death (49:7-12) 4. The Folly of Riches (49:13-14) 5. Resolution of the Question (49:15-20)
H. Psalm 50: A Heart of Gratitude
1. The Righteous Judgment of God (50:1-6) 2. Warning to the Godly (50:7-15) 3. Warning to the Wicked (50:16-21) 4. The Righteous Judgment of God (50:22-23)
I. Psalm 51: Forgiveness and the Community
1. Prayer for Individual Restoration (51:1-2) 2. Confession and Contrition (51:3-6) 3. Prayer for Restoration (51:7-12) 4. Thanksgiving (51:13-17) 5. Prayer for National Restoration (51:18-19)
J. Psalm 52: An Uprooted and a Sprawling Tree
1. The Folly of Evil (52:1-4) 2. God’s Complete Judgment (52:5) 3. Wisdom Derived from God’s Judgment (52:6-7) 4. The Blessing of Righteousness (52:8-9)
K. Psalm 53: God Deals with Foolish Evildoers
1. The Fool (53:1) 2. God’s Perspective (53:2-3) 3. The Prophetic Perspective (53:4-5) 4. The Hope of the Righteous (53:6)
L Psalm 54: Surely God Is My Help!
1. Prayer for Deliverance (54:1-2) 2. Occasion of the Prayer (54:3) 3. Affirmation of Trust (54:4) 4. Resolution of the Prayer (54:5) 5. Thanksgiving for Deliverance (54:6-7)
M. Psalm 55: The Lord Sustains the Righteous
1. Despairing Prayer (55:1-3) 2. Personal Reflections (55:4-8) 3. Prayer for Justice (55:9-15) 4. Assurance of Justice (55:16-21) 5. Reflection on the Lord (55:22-23b) 6. Hopeful Trust (55:23c)
N. Psalm 56: Walking in Darkness with God’s Light
1. Lament (56:1-2) 2. Trust in God (56:3-4) 3. Affliction and Imprecation (56:5-9b) 4. Trust in God (56:9b-11) 5. Thanksgiving (56:12-13)
O. Psalm 57: The Exaltation of Yahweh in the Midst of Alienation
1. Lament and Refrain (57:1-5) 2. Thanksgiving (57:6-11)
P. Psalm 58: Surely the Righteous Still Are Rewarded
1. Concern for Justice (58:1-2) 2. The Lies of the Wicked (58:3-5) 3. Prayer for Justice (58:6-8) 4. Expectation of Justice (58:9) 5. The Joy of the Righteous (58:10) 6. Affirmation of Justice (58:11)
Q. Psalm 59: My God Is My Champion
1. Prayer for Deliverance (59:1-3) 2. Innocence and Protestation (59:4-5) 3. The Wicked and God (59:6-8) 4. Hope in God (59:9-10a) 5. Imprecation on the Wicked (59:10b-13) 6. Confidence in God’s Response (59:14-17)
R. Psalm 60: Has God Forgotten Us?
1. Rejection (60:1-3) 2. Confidence of Victory (60:4) 3. Prayer (60:5) 4. Oracle: God’s Response (60:6-8) 5. Rejection (60:9-11) 6. Confidence of Victory (60:12)
S. Psalm 61: A Prayer from a Fainting Heart
1. Prayer for Protection (61:1-2) 2. Expression of Confidence (61:3-5) 3. Prayer for Protection (61:6-7) 4. Expression of Confidence (61:8)
T. Psalm 62: Rest and Reward
1. Confidence in the Lord (62:1-2) 2. Humanity Is Unreliable (62:3-4) 3. The Lord of My Salvation (62:5-7) 4. Exhortation to Trust, Not in People, but in the Lord (62:8-10) 5. Confidence in the Lord (62:11-12)
U. Psalm 63: The Excellence of God’s Love
1. Longing for the Lord (63:1) 2. Vision of God’s Beneficence (63:2-3) 3. In Praise of the Lord (63:4-5) 4. Longing for the Lord (63:6-8) 5. Vision of God’s Judgment (63:9-10) 6. In Praise of the Lord (63:11)
V. Psalm 64: Prayer for Protection
1. Petition (64:1) 2. Prayer for Protection from the Enemies (64:2-6) 3. God’s Protection and Vengeance (64:7-9) 4. Rejoicing and Encouragement (64:10)
W. Psalm 65: The Bounty of Our Savior
1. In Praise of God’s Presence (65:1-3) 2. The Blessedness of God’s Presence (65:4) 3. In Praise of God’s Rule (65:5-8) 4. The Blessedness of God’s Rule (65:9-13)
X. Psalm 66: Come and See What God Has Done
1. Universal Praise of God’s Kingship (66:1-7) 2. Community Praise of God’s Kingship (66:8-12) 3. Individual Thanksgiving (66:13-20)
Y. Psalm 67: Grant Your Blessing on All Your Creation
1. Prayer for God’s Blessing and for the Inclusion of the Nations (67:1-3) 2. Prayer for the Rule of God (67:4) 3. Prayer for Inclusion of the Nations (67:5) 4. Prayer for God’s Blessing (67:6-7)
Z. Psalm 68: God Is a Father to the Oppressed
1. Prayer for God’s Coming as the Divine Warrior (68:1-3) 2. In Praise of Divine Vindication (68:4-6) 3. A Reflection of the Divine Warrior (68:7-18)
a. Exodus, wilderness wandering, Mount Sinai, and settlement (68:7-10) b. Conquest of Canaan and subjugation of the nations (68:11-14) c. The establishment of the theocracy in Jerusalem (68:15-18)
4. In Praise of Divine Vindication (68:19-20) 5. An Oracle from the Divine Warrior (68:21-23) 6. Joyful Anticipation of God’s Coming as the Divine Warrior (68:24-35)
a. Processional hymn (68:24-27) b. Prayer (68:28-31) c. Triumphal hymn (68:32-35)
AA. Psalm 69: Zeal for Your House and God’s Love for His Own I. Lament (69:1-28)
1. Prayer Out of Personal Need (69:1-4) 2. Affirmation of God’s Knowledge (69:5) 3. Disgrace for the Sake of God (69:6-12) 4. Deliverance for the Sake of God’s Servant (69:13-18) 5. Affirmation of God’s Knowledge (69:19-21) 6. Prayer for God’s Judgment on the Wicked (69:22-28)
II. Hymn (69:29-36)
1. Personal and Communal Praise (69:29-32) 2. Affirmation of God’s Present Care (69:33) 3. Cosmic Praise (69:34) 4. Affirmation of God’s Eschatological Deliverance (69:35-36)
BB. Psalm 70: A Prayer for God’s Help When Enemies Threaten
Prayer for God’s Protection (70:1-5)
CC. Psalm 71: Longing for Yahweh’s Righteous Acts
1. Prayer of Confidence (71:1-4) 2. Affirmation of Confidence (71:5-8) 3. Prayer in Old Age (71:9-13) 4. Hope in Old Age (71:14-18) 5. Affirmation of Confidence (71:19-21) 6. Thanksgiving with Confidence (71:22-24)
DD. Psalm 72: The Glory of the Davidic Kingdom
1. Prayer for Davidic Kingship (72:1) 2. Hope for Righteousness and Justice (72:2-4) 3. Prayer for Longevity and Universal Rule (72:5-11) 4. Hope for Righteousness and Justice (72:12-14) 5. Prayer for Longevity and Universality (72:15-17) 6. Praise of God’s Kingship (72:18-20)
III. BOOK III: PSALMS 73-89
Compositional Outline
I. THE PSALMS OF ASAPH: PSALMS 73-83
A. Psalm 73: The Suffering of God’s Children and the Goodness of God
1. Experience and Belief (73:1-3) 2. Prosperity of the Wicked (73:4-12) 3. Personal Reaction (73:13-17) 4. Affirmation of God’s Justice (73:18-20) 5. Evaluation of the Psalmist’s Reaction (73:21-22) 6. The Desire of the Godly (73:23-26) 7. Experience and Hope (73:27-28)
B. Psalm 74: The Destruction of the Temple
1. Prayer for Remembrance (74:1-3) 2. Destruction of the Temple (74:4-8) 3. Feeling of Abandonment (74:9-11) 4. God’s Past Involvements (74:12-17) 5. Prayer for Remembrance (74:18-21) 6. Destruction of God’s Enemies (74:22-23)
C. Psalm 75: Justice Is the Lord’s
1. Thanksgiving (75:1) 2. Oracle of the Lord (75:2-5) 3. Prophetic Oracle (75:6-8) 4. Thanksgiving (75:9-10)
D. Psalm 76: The Lord Is the God of Jacob
1. God’s Relationship with His People (76:1-3) 2. The Divine Warrior (76:4-7a) 3. The Divine Judge (76:7b-9) 4. The Relationship of the Nations with God (76:10-12)
E. Psalm 77: A Remembrance of God’s Greatness
1. Cry for Help (77:1-2) 2. Remembrance of God in Hymns of the Night (77:3-6) 3. Questions (77:7-9) 4. Remembrance of God’s Mighty Deeds (77:10-12) 5. Confidence in God’s Help (77:13-20)
F. Psalm 78: Lessons from Israel’s History
1. Call to Wisdom (78:1-4) 2. Lessons from Israel’s History (78:5-64)
a. Past and future generations (78:5-8) b. Israel in Egypt and in the wilderness (78:9-16) c. Israel in the wilderness (78:17-31) d. God’s mercy on a rebellious people (78:32-39) e. Israel in Egypt and in the wilderness (78:40-55) f. Judgment on a rebellious generation (78:56-64)
3. Good News: God Has Chosen David (78:65-72)
G. Psalm 79: Lord, Remember the Sheep of Your Pasture
1. Lament (79:1-4) 2. Question (79:5) 3. Prayer for Vindication and Forgiveness (79:6-9) 4. Question (79:10a)
H. Psalm 80: Make Your Face to Shine on Us
1. Prayer for Deliverance (80:1-3) 2. The Lord’s Present Anger (80:4-7) 3. The Lord’s Past Mercy (80:8-14a) 4. Prayer for Deliverance (80:14b-19)
I. Psalm 81: If My People Would but Listen to Me
1. Festal Hymn (81:1-5) 2. Oracle of the Lord (81:6-16)
a. God’s past care (81:6-7) b. Exhortation to listen (81:8-10) c. God’s judgment on rebellious Israel (81:11-12) d. Exhortation to listen (81:13)
5. Prayer for Vindication and Restoration (79:10b-13)
e. God’s future care (81:14-16)
J. Psalm 82: The Judgment of God in the Great Assembly
1. God’s Judgment over the Gods (82:1) 2. Judicial Questioning (82:2) 3. God’s Expectations of Justice (82:3-4) 4. God’s Condemnation of Evil (82:5) 5. Judicial Sentence (82:6-7) 6. God’s Judgment over the Earth (82:8)
K. Psalm 83: A Lament Concerning the Presence of Evil
1. Prayer for God’s Action (83:1) 2. Plottings of the Enemies (83:2-4) 3. Greatness of the Opposition (83:5-8) 4. Great Acts of God in Israel’s History (83:9-12) 5. Shaming of the Enemies (83:13-16) 6. Prayer for God’s Action (83:17-18)
L. Psalm 84: A Deep Longing for the Presence of God
1. Longing for the Courts of the Lord Almighty (84:1-4) 2. The Blessing on the Pilgrims (84:5-7) 3. Prayer for God’s Blessing on the King (84:8-9) 4. Hymnic Praise (84:10-11) 5. The Blessing of God (84:12)
M. Psalm 85: Surely His Salvation Is Near!
1. Proclamation of God’s Past Acts (85:1-3) 2. Laments and Prayer for Restoration (85:4-7) 3. Anticipation of God’s Salvation (85:8) 4. The Oracle of Hope (85:9-13)
N. Psalm 86: Give Me a Sign of Your Goodness
1. Prayer for Mercy and Confession of Confidence (86:1-5) 2. Prayer for Mercy (86:6-7) 3. Hymn of Confidence in the Lord (86:8-10) 4. Anticipation of Deliverance (86:11-13) 5. Prayer for Deliverance (86:14-17)
O. Psalm 87: Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken
1. Hymn in Praise of Zion (87:1-2) 2. God’s Register in Heaven (87:3-6) 3. The Joy in Zion (87:7)
P. Psalm 88: A Prayer in the Darkness of Despair
1. Prayer for Help (88:1-2) 2. The Experience of Dying in Life (88:3-5) 3. It Is the Lord’s Doing (88:6-9a) 4. Prayer for Help (88:9b-12) 5. It Is the Lord’s Doing (88:13-14) 6. The Experience of Dying in Life (88:15-18)
Q. Psalm 89: Will You Reject Us Forever?
1. Hymn of Yahweh’s Kingship (89:1-18)
a. Individual praise of Yahweh’s kingship (89:1-2) b. Yahweh’s fidelity to David (89:3-4) c. Heavenly praise of Yahweh’s kingship (89:5-8) d. Yahweh’s universal rule (89:9-13) e. Yahweh’s fidelity and congregational praise (89:14-18)
2. Covenant with David (89:19-37)
a. Word of promise (89:19-29)
1.) Choice of David (89:19-23) 2.) Promise of universal reign (89:24-25) 3.) Promise of messianic reign (89:26-27) 4.) Choice of Descendants (89:28-29)
b. Word of warning (89:30-37)
1.) Warning (89:30-32) 2.) Affirmation of love (89:33-34) 3.) Affirmation of promised word (89:35-37)
3. Lament (89:38-51)
a. Complaints against God (89:38-45) b. Questions and petitions (89:46-51)
4. Doxology (89:52)
IV. BOOK IV: PSALMS 90-106
Compositional Outline A. Psalm 90: Teach Us to Number Our Days
1. The Lord Is God (90:1-2) 2. God’s Authority over People (90:3-6) 3. God’s Wrath (90:7-10) 4. Proper Response to God’s Wrath (90:11-12) 5. Prayer for God’s Mercy (90:13-16) 6. May the Lord Be Our God (90:17)
B. Psalm 91: In the Shelter of the Most High
1. Invitation to the Protection of God (91:1-2) 2. Forms of Protection (91:3-8) 3. Invitation to the Protection of God (91:9-10) 4. Forms of Protection (91:11-13) 5. The Oracle of Salvation (91:14-16)
C. Psalm 92: In Praise of the Lord
1. Hymn in Praise of the Most High (92:1-3) 2. Hymn of Thanksgiving (92:4-14)
a. Joy in God’s works (92:4-5) b. Judgment on folly and exaltation (92:6-8) c. Judgment and exaltation (92:9-11) d. The prosperity of the righteous (92:12-14)
3. Praise of the Lord (92:15)
D. Psalm 93: Yahweh Reigns Gloriously
1. Yahweh’s Glorious Kingship (93:1a-b) 2. Yahweh’s Kingship on Earth (93:1c-2) 3. Yahweh’s Kingship over the Seas (93:3-4) 4. Yahweh’s Glorious Kingship in Jerusalem (93:5)
E. Psalm 94: Yahweh Is the Judge of the Earth
1. The God of Vengeance (94:1-2) 2. The Arrogant Words of the Wicked (94:3-7) 3. Rebuke of the Wicked (94:8-11) 4. Blessing of the Wise (94:12-15) 5. The Lament on Account of the Wicked (94:16-21) 6. Confidence in the Vengeance of the Lord (94:22-23)
F. Psalm 95: Let Us Kneel Before Our Maker
1. Call to Worship (95:1-2) 2. Hymn to Yahweh the Creator-King (95:3-5) 3. Call to Worship (95:6) 4. Hymn to Yahweh the Covenantal God (95:7a-c) 5. Response and Reflection on Yahweh’s Judgment (95:7d-11)
G. Psalm 96: Yahweh Will Judge the World in Righteousness
1. Proclamation of Universal Praise (96:1-3) 2. The Majesty of the Lord (96:4-6) 3. Proclamation of Universal Praise (96:7-9) 4. The Rule of the Lord (96:10-13)
H. Psalm 97: The Joys of Zion
1. The Revelation of Yahweh’s Glory (97:1-6) 2. Exhortation to Worship (97:7) 3. Zion’s Worship (97:8-9) 4. The Effects of Yahweh’s Glorious Rule (97:10-12)
I. Psalm 98: A New Song to the Lord
1. Joyful Celebration of Past Acts of Deliverance (98:1-3) 2. Worship of the Great King (98:4-6) 3. Joyful Anticipation of God’s Coming (98:7-9)
J. Psalm 99: Yahweh Is the Revealer-King
1. The Exaltation of the Lord in Israel (99:1-5) 2. The Revelation of the Lord to Israel (99:6-7) 3. The Exaltation of the Lord in Israel (99:8-9)
K. Psalm 100: The Lord Is God and He Is Good
1. Call to Give Thanks (100:1-2) 2. Celebration of the Covenant (100:3) 3. Call to Give Thanks (100:4) 4. Celebration of the Covenant (100:5)
L. Psalm 101: Commitment to Excellence
1. The King’s Commitment to God’s Kingdom (101:1-3a) 2. Hatred of Evil (101:3b-5) 3. Love for God’s People (101:6) 4. Hatred of Evil (101:7) 5. The King’s Commitment to Justice (101:8)
M. Psalm 102: You Remain, but I . . .
1. Introductory Prayer (102:1-2) 2. Lament (102:3-11) 3. Promises (102:12-22) 4. Lament and Concluding Perspective (102:23-27) 5. Concluding Perspective (102:28)
N. Psalm 103: His Compassions, They Fail Not!
1. Individual Praise (103:1-2) 2. Praise for the Lord’s Goodness to Individuals (103:3-5) 3. Praise for the Lord’s Kingship over Israel (103:6-19) 4. Universal and Individual Praise (103:20-22)
O. Psalm 104: Great Is Your Faithfulness to All Creation
1. In Praise of God’s Royal Splendor (104:1-4) 2. The Material Formation of the Earth (104:5-9) 3. The Glory of the Animal Creation (104:10-18) 4. The Regularity in the Created World (104:19-23) 5. The Glory of the Animal Creation (104:24-26) 6. The Spiritual Sustenance of the Earth (104:27-30) 7. In Praise of God’s Royal Splendor (104:31-35)
P. Psalm 105: Yahweh’s Acts in Salvation History
1. Invocation to Praise (105:1-6) 2. The Covenant of Promise (105:7-11) 3. The Protection of the Lord (105:12-15) 4. The Providence of the Lord (105:16-23) 5. The Protection of the Lord (105:24-36) 6. The Fulfillment of Promise (105:37-45a) 7. Concluding Praise (105:45b)
Q. Psalm 106: Remember Yahweh’s Love and Israel’s Disobedience
1. Invocation to Praise (106:1-2) 2. Prayer for God’s Salvation (106:3-5) 3. Acts of God’s Love: Salvation (106:6-12) 4. History of Israel’s Unbelief and God’s Judgment (106:13-43)
a. Impatience: Wasting disease (106:13-15) b. Jealousy: Death and fire (106:16-18) c. Idolatry: Near destruction (106:19-23) d. Unbelief: Death (106:24-27) e. Idolatry: Plague (106:28-31) f. Rebellion: Trouble (106:32-33) g. Idolatry and acculturation: Exile (106:34-43)
5. Acts of God’s Love: Restraint (106:44-46) 6. Prayer for God’s Salvation (106:47) 7. Invocation to Praise (106:48)
V. BOOK V: PSALMS 107-150
Compositional Outline A. Psalm 107: Lessons from the Experience of the Saints
1. Invocation to Give Thanks (107:1-3) 2. Reasons for Thanksgiving (107:4-32)
a. Wanderers in the desert (107:4-9) b. Prisoners (107:10-16) c. Sick people (107:17-22) d. Sailors on the sea (107:23-32)
3. Reasons for Praise (107:33-42) 4. Invocation to Gain Wisdom (107:43)
B. Psalm 108: Praise and Prayer for Victory
1. Call to Praise (108:1-5) 2. Prayer for the Conquering Power of God (108:6-13)
C. Psalm 109: Yahweh Loves the Needy
1. Invocation to the God of Praise (109:1) 2. The Words and Acts of the Ungodly (109:2-5) 3. Imprecation (109:6-15)
a. Guilty on earth (109:6-8) b. Family (109:9-10) c. Possessions (109:11) d. Family (109:12-13) e. Guilty before God (109:14-15)
4. The Acts and Words of the Ungodly (109:16-20) 5. Prayer for God’s Love and Judgment (109:21-29) 6. Benediction of the God of Praise (109:30-31)
D. Psalm 110: The Kingdom of the Lord
1. Promise (110:1) 2. Victory (110:2-3) 3. Promise (110:4) 4. Victory (110:5-7)
E. Psalm 111: Celebration of God’s Faithfulness
1. Public Praise for God’s Mighty Acts (111:1-3) 2. The Works of the Lord in Redemption (111:4-9) 3. Response to God’s Mighty Acts (111:10)
F. Psalm 112: The Triumph of Faith
1. Blessedness of Those Who Delight in Wisdom (112:1) 2. Blessings of Righteousness (112:2-3) 3. Blessing in Adversity (112:4) 4. Blessings of Being Gracious and Compassionate (112:5) 5. Blessing in Adversity (112:6-8) 6. Blessings of Righteousness (112:9) 7. Curse on the “Longings” of the Wicked (112:10)
The Egyptian Hallel: Psalms 113-118 G. Psalm 113: Yahweh Is Exalted in His Saving Acts
1. Call to Praise the Lord (113:1-3) 2. The Sovereignty of the Lord (113:4-6) 3. Call to Praise for His Acts of Deliverance (113:7-9)
H. Psalm 114: We Are the People of God!
1. The Covenantal People (114:1-2) 2. The Witness of Nature (114:3-6) 3. The Covenantal God (114:7-8)
I. Psalm 115: We Are the Servants of God!
1. Community Prayer for Help (115:1-2) 2. Impotence of Idols (115:3-8) 3. Confidence in the Lord (115:9-11) 4. Blessing of the Lord (115:12-15) 5. Power of the Lord (115:16) 6. Community Praise (115:17-18)
J. Psalm 116: Be at Rest, for the Lord Is Good
1. Thanksgiving (116:1-2) 2. The Need for Deliverance (116:3) 3. God the Deliverer (116:4-6a) 4. Thanksgiving (116:6b-7) 5. God the Deliverer (116:8-11) 6. Vows of Thanksgiving (116:12-14) 7. God the Deliverer (116:15-16) 8. Vows of Thanksgiving (116:17-19)
K. Psalm 117: Great Is His Love toward Us
Great Is His Love toward Us (117:1-2)
L. Psalm 118: Open the Gates of Righteousness
1. Call to Communal Thanksgiving (118:1-4) 2. Thanksgiving (118:5-21) 3. Thanksgiving Liturgy (118:22-29)
M. Psalm 119: The Joy of God’s Law in Distress
1. The Aleph Strophe (119:1-8) 2. The Beth Strophe (119:9-16) 3. The Gimel Strophe (119:17-24) 4. The Daleth Strophe (119:25-32) 5. The He Strophe (119:33-40) 6. The Waw Strophe (119:41-48) 7. The Zayin Strophe (119:49-56) 8. The Heth Strophe (119:57-64) 9. The Teth Strophe (119:65-72) 10. The Yodh Strophe (119:73-80) 11. The Kaph Strophe (119:81-88) 12. The Lamedh Strophe (119:89-96) 13. The Mem Strophe (119:97-104) 14. The Nun Strophe (119:105-12) 15. The Samekh Strophe (119:113-20) 16. The Ayin Strophe (119:121-28) 17. The Pe Strophe (119:129-36) 18. The Tsadhe Strophe (119:137-44) 19. The Qoph Strophe (119:145-52) 20. The Resh Strophe (119:153-60) 21. The Sin and Shin Strophe (119:161-68) 22. The Taw Strophe (119:169-76)
N. Psalm 120: Yahweh, I, and They
1. Assurance of Answered Prayer (120:1) 2. Prayer for Help (120:2-4) 3. Expression of Desperation (120:5) 4. Longing for Peace (120:6-7)
O. Psalm 121: Yahweh Is My Guardian
1. Yahweh Is the Creator (121:1-2) 2. Yahweh, the Guardian of Israel, Is “Your” Guardian (121:3-6) 3. Blessing (121:7-8)
P. Psalm 122: May There Be Peace in Zion!
1. The Pilgrim’s Joy (122:1-2) 2. The Pilgrim’s Praise (122:3-5) 3. The Pilgrim’s Prayer (122:6-9)
Q. Psalm 123: Have Mercy, O Lord
1. Dependence on the Lord (123:1-2) 2. Prayer for Mercy (123:3-4)
R. Psalm 124: Our Helper Is the Maker of Heaven and Earth!
1. The Presence of the Lord (124:1-2a) 2. Protection from Dangers (124:2b-5) 3. Praise to the Lord (124:6a) 4. Protection from Dangers (124:6b-7) 5. The Presence of the Lord (124:8)
S. Psalm 125: Peace Be on Israel
1. Internal Strength (125:1) 2. Confidence in the Lord’s Help (125:2) 3. Confidence in the Triumph over Evil (125:3) 4. Prayer for the Lord’s Help (125:4-5a) 5. Peace (125:5b)
T. Psalm 126: The Restoration Is Here!
1. Joy of God’s People (126:1-2a) 2. Proclamation among the Nations (126:2b) 3. Thanksgiving (126:3) 4. Prayer (126:4) 5. Assurance of Answered Prayer (126:5-6)
U. Psalm 127: The Blessing of the Lord
1. Futility and Blessing (127:1-2) 2. God’s Blessing on the Family (127:3-5)
V. Psalm 128: The Family Blessed by Yahweh
1. The Blessing of a God-Fearing Family (128:1-4) 2. The Benediction (128:5-6)
W. Psalm 129: Yahweh Is Righteous
1. Prayer for Divine Deliverance (129:1-4) 2. Prayer for Divine Judgment (129:5-8)
X. Psalm 130: May the Blessing of the Lord Be on You!
1. Lament (130:1-2) 2. Confession of Sin (130:3-4) 3. Waiting for the Lord (130:5-6) 4. Confidence in Redemption (130:7-8)
Y. Psalm 131: Contentment with God
A Confession of Dependence and Humble Trust (131:1-3)
Z. Psalm 132: The Tabernacling of Yahweh
1. Prayer for David (132:1) 2. David’s Devotion (132:2-5) 3. David’s Concern for God’s Presence (132:6-9) 4. Prayer for David (132:10) 5. God’s Reward to David (132:11-12) 6. God’s Presence in Zion (132:13-18)
AA. Psalm 133: The Communion of the Saints
1. Blessing (133:1) 2. Comparison with Oil and the Aaronic Ministry (133:2) 3. Comparison with Dew (133:3a) 4. Blessing (133:3b)
BB. Psalm 134: May Yahweh Bless You From Zion!
1. Call to Worship (134:1-2) 2. Priestly Benediction (134:3)
CC. Psalm 135: Yahweh Is Free in His Marvelous Acts
1. Israel’s Praise (135:1-4) 2. Yahweh’s Greatness as Creator (135:5-7) 3. Yahweh’s Acts in Redemptive History (135:8-14) 4. The Inability of Idols (135:15-18) 5. Israel’s Praise (135:19-21)
DD. Psalm 136: Yahweh Is Good!
1. Hymnic Introit (136:1-3) 2. Creation Hymn (136:4-9) 3. Redemption Hymn (136:10-22) 4. Redemption Hymn (136:23-24) 5. Creation Hymn (136:25) 6. Hymnic Conclusion (136:26)
EE. Psalm 137: If I Forget You, O Jerusalem
1. The Lament (137:1-4) 2. The Confession of Confidence (137:5-6) 3. Prayer for Divine Intervention (137:7-9)
FF. Psalm 138: Yahweh Delivers the Humble
1. Individual Thanksgiving (138:1-3) 2. Communal Thanksgiving (138:4-6) 3. Confidence in the Lord’s Presence (138:7-8)
GG. Psalm 139: Yahweh Knows Me!
1. The Lord’s Discernment of Individuals (139:1-6) 2. The Lord’s Perception of Individuals (139:7-12) 3. The Lord’s Purpose for Individuals (139:13-18) 4. Prayer for Vindication (139:19-24)
HH. Psalm 140: You Are My God!
1. Prayer for Deliverance from Evil (140:1-5) 2. Confidence in God’s Deliverance (140:6-8) 3. Prayer for Divine Justice (140:9-11) 4. Confidence in God’s Deliverance (140:12-13)
II. Psalm 141: May My Prayer Be Like Incense!
1. Prayer for Deliverance (141:1-2) 2. Prayer for Wisdom (141:3-5c) 3. Prayer for Vindication (141:5d-7) 4. Prayer for Deliverance and Vindication (141:8-10)
JJ. Psalm 142: Yahweh Alone Is My Portion in the Land of the Living
1. Lament of the Individual (142:1-2) 2. Loneliness in Suffering (142:3-7a) 3. Public Thanksgiving (142:7b)
KK. Psalm 143: Lead Me on Level Ground
1. Prayer for God’s Righteousness (143:1-2) 2. Lament (143:3-6) 3. Petitions and Prayer (143:7-12)
a. Petitions for deliverance (143:7-8a, 9a) b. Expressions of confidence (143:8b, 9b, 10b) c. Petitions for guidance (143:8c, 10a, c) d. Concluding prayers (143:11-12)
LL. Psalm 144: Yahweh Is My Warrior
1. Hymn of Praise (144:1-2) 2. Human Need (144:3-4) 3. A Prayer for God’s Involvement (144:5-8) 4. Hymn of Praise (144:9-10) 5. Prayer for God’s Involvement (144:11) 6. Prayer for Blessing on God’s People (144:12-15)
MM. Psalm 145: Great Is Yahweh’s Universal Kingdom!
1. In Praise of the Lord’s Kingship (145:1-3) 2. In Praise of the Lord’s Faithfulness to the Covenant (145:4-9) 3. In Praise of the Lord’s Kingship (145:10-13a) 4. In Praise of the Lord’s Covenantal Fidelity (145:13b-21)
NN. Psalm 146: Yahweh Reigns For Ever and Ever
1. Call to Praise (146:1-4) 2. God the Creator (146:5-6) 3. God the Sustainer (146:7-9) 4. God the Great King (146:10a) 5. Call to Praise (146:10b)
OO. Psalm 147: The Blessedness of the People of God
1. In Praise of God’s Restoration, Creation, and Redemption (147:1-6) 2. In Praise of God’s Creation and Love for His People (147:7-11) 3. In Praise of God’s Restoration, Sovereignty, and Revelation (147:12-20)
PP. Psalm 148: Praise to Yahweh, the Wise Creator
1. Call on Heaven to Praise the Lord (148:1-6) 2. Call on Earth to Praise the Lord (148:7-12) 3. Rationale for Praising the Lord (148:13-14)
QQ. Psalm 149: Yahweh Delights in His People
1. The Present Joy of the Saints (149:1-5) 2. The Hope of the Saints (149:6-9)
RR. Psalm 150: Praise Yahweh
1. Praise the Lord in Heaven (150:1) 2. Praise the Greatness of God (150:2) 3. Praise the Lord with Great Intensity (150:3-5) 4. Praise the Lord on Earth (150:6)
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