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Index
Acknowledgements
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the third edition
Introduction
About this book
Approaching theory
My own ‘stock-taking’
1 Theory before ‘theory’ – liberal humanism
The history of English studies
Ten tenets of liberal humanism
Literary theorising from Aristotle to Leavis – some key moments
Liberal humanism in practice
The transition to ‘theory’
Some recurrent ideas in critical theory
Selected reading
2 Structuralism
Structuralist chickens and liberal humanist eggs
Signs of the fathers – Saussure
The scope of structuralism
What structuralist critics do
Structuralist criticism: examples
Selected reading
3 Post-structuralism and deconstruction
Some theoretical differences between structuralism and post-structuralism
Post-structuralism – life on a decentred planet
Structuralism and post-structuralism – some practical differences
What post-structuralist critics do
Deconstruction: an example
Selected reading
4 Postmodernism
What is postmodernism? What was modernism?
‘Landmarks’ in postmodernism – Habermas, Lyotard and Baudrillard
What postmodernist critics do
Postmodernist criticism: an example
Selected reading
5 Psychoanalytic criticism
Introduction
How Freudian interpretation works
Freud and evidence
What Freudian psychoanalytic critics do
Freudian psychoanalytic criticism: examples
Lacan
What Lacanian critics do
Lacanian criticism: an example
Selected reading
6 Feminist criticism
Feminism and feminist criticism
Feminist criticism and the role of theory
Feminist criticism and language
Feminist criticism and psychoanalysis
What feminist critics do
Feminist criticism: an example
Selected reading
7 Lesbian/gay criticism
Lesbian and gay theory
Lesbian feminism
Queer theory
What lesbian/gay critics do
Lesbian/gay criticism: an example
Selected reading
8 Marxist criticism
Beginnings and basics of Marxism
Marxist literary criticism: general
‘Leninist’ Marxist criticism
‘Engelsian’ Marxist criticism
The present: the influence of Althusser
What Marxist critics do
Marxist criticism: an example
Selected reading
9 New historicism and cultural materialism
New historicism
New and old historicisms – some differences
New historicism and Foucault
Advantages and disadvantages of new historicism
What new historicists do
New historicism: an example
Cultural materialism
How is cultural materialism different from new historicism?
What cultural materialist critics do
Cultural materialism: an example
Selected reading
10 Postcolonial criticism
Background
Postcolonial reading
What postcolonial critics do
Postcolonial criticism: an example
Selected reading
11 Stylistics
Stylistics: a theory or a practice?
A brief historical account: from rhetoric, to philology, to linguistics, to stylistics, to new stylistics
How does stylistics differ from standard close reading?
The ambitions of stylistics
What stylistic critics do
Stylistics: examples
Note
Selected reading
12 Narratology
Telling stories
Aristotle
Vladimir Propp
Gérard Genette
‘Joined-up’ narratology
What narratologists do
Narratology: an example
Selected reading
13 Ecocriticism
Ecocriticism or green studies?
Culture and nature
Turning criticism inside out
What ecocritics do
Ecocriticism: an example
Selected reading
14 Literary theory – a history in ten events
The Indiana University ‘Conference on Style’, 1958
The Johns Hopkins University international symposium, 1966
The publication of Deconstruction and Criticism , 1979
The MacCabe Affair, 1981
The publication of Eagleton’s Literary Theory: An Introduction, 1983
J. Hillis Miller’s MLA presidential address, 1986
The Strathclyde University ‘Linguistics of Writing’ conference, 1986
The scandal over Paul de Man’s wartime writings, 1987–88
Jean Baudrillard and ‘The Gulf War never happened’, 1991
The Sokal Affair, 1996
15 Theory after ‘Theory’
Legacies of theory
Presentism
Presentism in practice
New aestheticism
New aestheticism in practice
What to read on new aestheticism
Cognitive poetics
Cognitive poetics in practice
What to read on cognitive poetics
Appendices
Appendix 1 Edgar Allan Poe, ‘The Oval Portrait’
Appendix 2 Dylan Thomas, ‘A Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London’
Appendix 3 William Cowper, ‘The Castaway’
Where do we go from here? Further reading
General guides
Reference books
General readers
Applying critical theory: twelve early examples
Against theory
Index
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