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Index
Cover
Halftitle
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Preface
Contents
Acronyms
Introduction
Scientific tools of the art detective
What motivates fraud? Why do we care so much about authenticity?
References
Chapter One Establishing the First Link in the Art Chain: Attribution
The curator and gallery dealer
The connoisseur and the art historian
The Ely Zakhai case — connoisseurship’s role in unraveling a Gauguin forgery
Stylistic and Morellian analysis
The Rembrandt Research Project
Rembrandt’s Old Man With a Beard authenticated
References
Chapter Two Microscopy-Related Techniques
Optical microscopy
Stereomicroscope and raking light
Observation by optical microscopy of the craquelure at the surface of a painting
Craquelure and the Han van Meegeren forgery
Craquelure and The Virgin and Child with an Angel
More on craquelure
Cross section analysis
The case of the authenticated Rembrandt
Polarised light microscopy
Polarised light microscopy plays a crucial initial role in the authentication of a Manet painting
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Portrait Group depicting Frederico da Montefletro (Forgery confirmed by SEM/EDX)
Raman spectroscopy and microscopy
Russian avant-garde forgeries
The Kandinsky and Popova cases (Analysis by micro-Raman spectroscopy)
The unexpectedly dramatic case of a Chagall painting (More tricks from the Russian market, Ramanmicroscopy unravels a mystery)
Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy (micro-FTIR)
The Jackson Pollock case (revisited)
References
Chapter Three Scientific Techniques Reliant on Mass Spectrometry
Introduction
Principle of mass spectrometry
Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS)
High-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS)
Study by HPLC-MS of The Virgin and Child with an Angel
Laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LD-TOF-MS)
The Trotter affair
The Jackson Pollock affair
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)
Determination of the radioactive isotopes 137Cs and 90Sr by LA-ICP-MS and the Elena Basner affair
Study of the provenance of pigments
Mahmoud Said’s Girl with Green Eyes
Multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS)
Authentication of paintings by lead isotopic ratio determination using MC-ICP-MS
Authentication of Vermeer’s Saint Praxedis
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)
The bomb peak effect
The Fernand Léger forgery
References
Chapter Four Some X-ray-based Techniques
Introduction
X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
Vincent van Gogh’s Sunset at Montmajour
Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE)
Electron probe microanalyser
X-ray radiography (XRR)
Portrait of a Woman
Image alleged to have been created by Antonello da Messina
X-ray fluorescence recorded using synchrotron radiation
Van Gogh’s previously unknown floral still life
X-ray computer tomography
X-ray diffraction
X-ray micro-diffraction using synchrotron radiation
References
Chapter Five Infrared Reflectography
Principle and recent developments
The Virgin and Child with an Angel
Portrait of Anna Zborowska
Salvator Mundi by Leonardo da Vinca
The Prado Mona Lisa
References
Chapter Six Digital Techniques in Art Authentication
Principles of weave analysis
Luminosity histograms and the artist’s hand
Multispectral imaging and the layer amplification method (LAM)
How does Cotte’s multispectral imaging work?
Lady with an Ermine
References
Chapter Seven Dendrochro nolgy
The Beltracchi affair (revisited)
References
Chapter Eight The Beguiling Odalisque — Is the Courtroom the Proper Venue for Authentication?
Challenges to authentication
Connoisseurs diverge — an inferior painting?
Worth forging?
Archival references and provenance?
Scientific experts vie for the truth
Is the courtroom the proper venue for authentication?
References
Chapter Nine Three Portraits, Two Women — Can Science Decide?
The first painting: The Louvre Mona Lisa
Multispectral imaging and X-ray fluorescence shed light on sfumato
X-ray fluorescence
The second painting: The Isleworth Mona Lisa
Multispectral imaging
Dating of the canvas by accelerator mass spectroscopy (AMS)
Geometric analysis and the Vitruvian Man
Computer image processing
La Bella Principessa
Multispectral imaging
C14 dating using AMS
Authentic or copy? Can science decide?
References
Chapter Ten Psychology of the Viewer
Beyond aesthetics
Belief and the human mind
References
Chapter Eleven Psychology of the Forger
The psychology of the forger
Racked by turmoil
The art establishment: The ultimate target?
Entirely devoid of creativity?
References
Chapter Twelve Reflections on the Turbulent World of Authentication
References
Picture Credits
Glossary
Index
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