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AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS
INSTITUTED 1852
TRANSACTIONS
Paper No. 1159
THE NEW YORK TUNNEL EXTENSION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
THE EAST RIVER TUNNELS.[A]
Tunnels From East Avenue To the River Shafts.
Excavation In All Rock.
Excavation in Earth and Rock.
Tunneling in Compressed Air Without a Shield.
Concrete Cradles, Hand-Packed Stone and Grouting.
Erection of Iron Lining.
Long Island Shafts.
TABLE 1.—Relation of the Final Position of the Caissons to That Designed.
Manhattan Shafts.
River Tunnels.
Tunnels Driven Eastward from Manhattan.
Tunnels Driven Westward from Long Island City.
Methods of Excavation.
TABLE 2.—Rate of Progress, Nature of Materials, and Methods Adopted in Construction of East River Tunnels.
Line A, Long Island.
Line B, Long Island.
Line C, Long Island.
Line D, Long Island.
Line A, Manhattan.
Line B, Manhattan.
Line C, Manhattan.
Line D, Manhattan.
Special Difficulties.
Guiding the Shields.
Injuries to Shields.
Settlement at Surface of Ground.
Clay Blanket.
Iron Lining.
Grouting.
Caulking and Leakage.
Sump and Pump Chambers.
Concrete Lining.
Electric Conduits.
FOOTNOTES:
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