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Index
Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
1 Background and History
What Is Substance Abuse?
Teenage Substance Abuse in History
Substance Use and Abuse in History
Alcoholic Beverages
Alcoholic Beverages in the Ancient World
Risks of Drinking Alcohol
Restrictions on Drinking Alcohol
“Hard” Liquor
Demographics of Alcohol Consumption
Psychoactive Drugs in the Ancient World
Tobacco Use in the Modern World
Other Psychoactive Drugs in History
Some Important Terms
Uses of Psychoactive Drugs
Psychoactive Plants in Antiquity
Cocaine
Opium
Marijuana
Summary and Conclusion
References
2 Problems, Issues, and Solutions
Alcohol
What Are the Effects of Ethanol on the Human Body?
Causes of Alcohol Abuse, Dependence, and Addiction
Treatment
Prevention
Tobacco
What Are the Effects of Tobacco on the Human Body?
Causes of Tobacco Abuse, Dependence, and Addiction
Treatment
Prevention
Electronic Cigarettes
Illicit Drugs
Stimulants
What Are the Effects of Stimulants on the Human Body?
Substance Addiction as a Brain Disease
Signs and Symptoms of Stimulant Abuse
Depressants
What Are the Effects of Depressants on the Human Body?
Signs and Symptoms of Depressant Abuse
Hallucinogens
What Are the Effects of Hallucinogens on the Human Body?
Signs and Symptoms of Hallucinogen Abuse
Licit Drugs
Prescription Drugs of Abuse
How Do Users Get Access to Prescription Drugs?
Causes of Teenage Substance Abuse
Causes of Substance Abuse
Being an Adolescent
Family Influences
Physical, Emotional, and Sexual Abuse
Neglect
Peer Pressure
Individual Traits
Treatment
Prevention
Conclusion
References
3 Perspectives
Introduction
All Are Welcome to Change: Billy Beaton
Technology and Nature Enable Ethanol Abuse: Joel Grossman
E-Cigarette Vapor versus Cigarette Smoke: Is Vapor Really Safer?: Amber Henning
The Use of Neurofeedback in Treating Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents: Wanda K. Holloway
The Demographics of Heroin Abuse Have Shifted Dramatically: Ashley Rekem
The Etiology of Intravenous Heroin Use in Adolescent Girls: Clariza Saint George
Enhancing Motivation for Therapy: The Importance of the Therapeutic Relationship: Nicole Sciarrino
The Myth of the Drug-Habit: Defining Addiction as a Disease: Bryan F. Singer
Substance Abuse and Transgender Youth: Michael Vallario
4 Profiles
Richard Alpert (Ram Dass; 1931– )
American Society of Addiction Medicine
Harry J. Anslinger (1892–1975)
Bill W. (1895–1971)
Hale Boggs (1914–1972/1973)
Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America
Thomas De Quincey (1785–1859)
Drug Free America Foundation Inc.
Drug Policy Alliance
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
Francis B. Harrison (1873–1957)
Albert Hofmann (1906–2008)
Hon Lik (1951– )
Lloyd D. Johnston (1940– )
National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence Inc.
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Albert Niemann (1834–1861)
Office of Adolescent Health
Office of National Drug Control Policy
Quanah Parker (ca. 1845–1911)
Nancy Reagan (1921–2016)
Friedrich Sertürner (1783–1841)
Alexander “Sasha” Shulgin (1925–2014)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Luther L. Terry (1911–1985)
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration
R. Gordon Wasson (1898–1986)
Hamilton Wright (1867–1917)
5 Data and Documents
Introduction
Data
Table 5.1. Alcohol Involvement among Young Drivers (Age 15 to 20) Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Year and Driver Status, 2003 and 2012
Table 5.2. Trends in Lifetime Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs for Grades 8, 10, and 12 (percentage of respondents)
Table 5.3. Trends in Annual Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs for Grades 8, 10, and 12 Combined (percentage)
Table 5.4. Trends in 30-Day Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs for Grades 8, 10, and 12 Combined (percentage)
Table 5.5. Trends in Use of Certain Specific Drugs, Grades 8, 10, and 12 (percentage)
Table 5.6. Percentage of High School Students Who Ever Took Steroids and Who Ever Took Prescription Drugs, by Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Grade
Table 5.7. Trends in Disapproval of Substance Use (percentage)
Documents
Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1919)
Twenty-First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1933)
Controlled Substances Act (1970)
Controlled Substance Analogue Enforcement Act of 1986
Vernonia v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646 (1995)
Ecstasy Anti-Proliferation Act of 2000
Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005
Morse, et al. v. Frederick (2007)
Sottera, Inc. v. Food and Drug Administration (No. 10-5032; 627 F.3d 891) (2010)
House Bill No. 682 (The General Assembly of Pennsylvania) (2015)
6 Annotated Bibliography
7 Chronology
Glossary
Index
About the Author
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