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Index
Title Page
Contents
Copyright Page
Preface
1 Boolean retrieval
1.1 An example information retrieval problem
1.2 A first take at building an inverted index
1.3 Processing Boolean queries
1.4 The extended Boolean model versus ranked retrieval
1.5 References and further reading
2 The term vocabulary and postings lists
2.1 Document delineation and character sequence decoding
2.2 Determining the vocabulary of terms
2.3 Faster postings list intersection via skip pointers
2.4 Positional postings and phrase queries
2.5 References and further reading
3 Dictionaries and tolerant retrieval
3.1 Search structures for dictionaries
3.2 Wildcard queries
3.3 Spelling correction
3.4 Phonetic correction
3.5 References and further reading
4 Index construction
4.1 Hardware basics
4.2 Blocked sort-based indexing
4.3 Single-pass in-memory indexing
4.4 Distributed indexing
4.5 Dynamic indexing
4.6 Other types of indexes
4.7 References and further reading
5 Index compression
5.1 Statistical properties of terms in information retrieval
5.2 Dictionary compression
5.3 Postings file compression
5.4 References and further reading
6 Scoring, term weighting, and the vector space model
6.1 Parametric and zone indexes
6.2 Term frequency and weighting
6.3 The vector space model for scoring
6.4 Variant tf–idf functions
6.5 References and further reading
7 Computing scores in a complete search system
7.1 Efficient scoring and ranking
7.2 Components of an information retrieval system
7.3 Vector space scoring and query operator interaction
7.4 References and further reading
8 Evaluation in information retrieval
8.1 Information retrieval system evaluation
8.2 Standard test collections
8.3 Evaluation of unranked retrieval sets
8.4 Evaluation of ranked retrieval results
8.5 Assessing relevance
8.6 A broader perspective: System quality and user utility
8.7 Results snippets
8.8 References and further reading
9 Relevance feedback and query expansion
9.1 Relevance feedback and pseudo relevance feedback
9.2 Global methods for query reformulation
9.3 References and further reading
10 XML retrieval
10.1 Basic XML concepts
10.2 Challenges in XML retrieval
10.3 A vector space model for XML retrieval
10.4 Evaluation of XML retrieval
10.5 Text-centric versus data-centric XML retrieval
10.6 References and further reading
11 Probabilistic information retrieval
11.1 Review of basic probability theory
11.2 The probability ranking principle
11.3 The binary independence model
11.4 An appraisal and some extensions
11.5 References and further reading
12 Language models for information retrieval
12.1 Language models
12.2 The query likelihood model
12.3 Language modeling versus other approaches in information retrieval
12.4 Extended language modeling approaches
12.5 References and further reading
13 Text classification and Naive Bayes
13.1 The text classification problem
13.2 Naive Bayes text classification
13.3 The Bernoulli model
13.4 Properties of Naive Bayes
13.5 Feature selection
13.6 Evaluation of text classification
13.7 References and further reading
14 Vector space classification
14.1 Document representations and measures of relatedness in vector spaces
14.2 Rocchio classification
14.3 k nearest neighbor
14.4 Linear versus nonlinear classifiers
14.5 Classification with more than two classes
14.6 The bias–variance tradeoff
14.7 References and further reading
15 Support vector machines and machine learning on documents
15.1 Support vector machines: The linearly separable case
15.2 Extensions to the support vector machine model
15.3 Issues in the classification of text documents
15.4 Machine-learning methods in ad hoc information retrieval
15.5 References and further reading
16 Flat clustering
16.1 Clustering in information retrieval
16.2 Problem statement
16.3 Evaluation of clustering
16.4 K-means
16.5 Model-based clustering
16.6 References and further reading
17 Hierarchical clustering
17.1 Hierarchical agglomerative clustering
17.2 Single-link and complete-link clustering
17.3 Group-average agglomerative clustering
17.4 Centroid clustering
17.5 Optimality of hierarchical agglomerative clustering
17.6 Divisive clustering
17.7 Cluster labeling
17.8 Implementation notes
17.9 References and further reading
18 Matrix decompositions and latent semantic indexing
18.1 Linear algebra review
18.2 Term–document matrices and singular value decompositions
18.3 Low-rank approximations
18.4 Latent semantic indexing
18.5 References and further reading
19 Web search basics
19.1 Background and history
19.2 Web characteristics
19.3 Advertising as the economic model
19.4 The search user experience
19.5 Index size and estimation
19.6 Near-duplicates and shingling
19.7 References and further reading
20 Web crawling and indexes
20.1 Overview
20.2 Crawling
20.3 Distributing indexes
20.4 Connectivity servers
20.5 References and further reading
21 Link analysis
21.1 The Web as a graph
21.2 PageRank
21.3 Hubs and authorities
21.4 References and further reading
Bibliography
Index
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