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Index
Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan
Contents
Preface
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 YAHWEH AND EL
Were Yahweh and El originally the same Deity or not?
El's Influence on Yahweh Accepted by the Old Testament
Yahweh as an Aged God
Yahweh as Wise
Yahweh as Creator
The Sons of El (God)
'El' in the Old Testament as a Reflection of Canaanite El
El's Dwelling Place: The Origin of Paradise
El Influence on Yahweh Ultimately Rejected by the Old Testament
El the Bull: The Origin of Jeroboam's Golden Calves Cult
The Golden Calves: Pedestals or Images?
Chapter 2 YAHWEH AND ASHERAH
Asherah as a Goddess in the Old Testament
Yahweh and his Asherah in the Kuntillet ˁAjrud and Khirbet el-Qom Texts
What Was the Asherah?
Did Asherah Function as Yahweh's Consort?
The Etymology of Asherah
EXCURSUS: UNCERTAIN AND DUBIOUS REFERENCES TO (THE) ASHERAH
Uncertain References to Asherah
Dubious References to Asherah
Chapter 3 YAHWEH VERSUS BAAL
The Various Manifestations of Baal
Baal Worship in Ancient Israel
Jezebel's Baal
Polemical Distortions of the Name of Baal
a. Baal-zebub (Baal-zebul, Beelzebul)
b. Bosheth, 'shame'
c. The Abomination of Desolation (šiqqûṣ šōmēmj as a Word Play on Baal-Shamem
Dagon
Chapter 4 YAHWEH'S APPROPRIATION OF BAAL IMAGERY
Yahweh's Appropriation of Baalistic Storm Theophany Language
The Seven Thunders of Psalm 29 as an Appropriation from Baal
Yahweh's Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea: The Appropriation of a Baal Motif
The Alleged Naturalization of the Chaos Monsters
The Historicization of the Divine Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea
The Eschatologization of the Dragon Conflict
Zaphon as the Divine Dwelling Place
Resurrection Imagery from Baal to the Book of Daniel
Chapter 5 YAHWEH AND THE GODDESSES ASTARTE AND ANAT (AND THE QUEEN OF HEAVEN)
Astarte
Ashtoreth and Ashtaroth in the Old Testament
Anat
Probable or Possible Allusions to Anat in the Old Testament
Dubious Allusions to Anat in the Old Testament
Anat and Bloodshed Imagery in the Old Testament
Did Anat Function as Yahweh's Consort?
The Queen of Heaven
Shapash
Asherah
Anat
Ishtar
Astarte
Chapter 6 YAHWEH AND THE ASTRAL DEITIES (SUN, MOON AND LUCIFER)
Yahweh and the Sun
The Canaanite Background of Israel's Sun Cult
Samson
Yahweh and the Moon
The Rise and Fall of Lucifer (Isaiah 14.12-15)
Introduction
The Shining One as Venus
Venus as Athtar
Jebusite Background
The Historical Background of Isaiah 14.12-15
Chapter 7 YAHWEH AND THE UNDERWORLD DEITIES (MOT, RESHEPH, MOLECH AND THE REPHAIM)
Mot
Passage Where Echo of Mot Is Uncertain
Passages where Alleged Allusions to Mot are Dubious
Resheph
Passages where Resheph(s) is/are Demon(s) of Plague
Passage where Resheph is Totally Demythologized
Other Allusions to Resheph without Explicit Mention of the Name Psalm 91.5-6
Molech
Molech a God, not a Sacrifice
Human Sacrifice or Cultic Dedication in the Fire?
The Meaning of Topheth
Who Was Molech?
Was Molech Equated with Yahweh?
The Rephaim
Etymology
Who is Rp'u?
The Rephaim as an Ethnic Group and their Relationship to the Underworld Rephaim
Chapter 8 CONCLUSION: THE CANAANITE GODS AND GODDESSES AND THE RISE OF MONOTHEISM
Bibliography
Index of References
Index of Authors
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Back Matter
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