Computing and the National Science Foundation, 1950–2016 by Freeman, Peter A. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Halftitle Title Copyright Page Dedication Contents Preface PART I CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY

1.1 Science Information—1950s to 1980s 1.2 Filling the Demand for Computing Infrastructure 1.3 Computers in Education 1.4 Finding a Home for Computer Science Research 1.5 Summary and Conclusions

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Chapter 2 1974–1986: CER, CSNET, NSFNET, and the Founding of CISE

2.1 My Background and Perspective on the 1974–86 Period 2.2 Making the Case for NSF’s Computing Research Programs 2.3 The Importance of Computing Research and Infrastructure to the Nation 2.4 Computing and Information Research in NSF, 1974–1978 2.5 Funding the Innovators in Computer Science 2.6 Facilities 2.7 Cryptography and Interactions with the National Security Agency 2.8 The Computer Science Section, 1979–1984 2.9 Addressing the Need for Academic Experimental Computer Science 2.10 CSNET 2.11 The Office of Advanced Scientific Computing and NSFNET 2.12 The Beginning of CISE 2.13 Summary and Conclusions

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Chapter 3 1986–1998: The New Directorate in a Period of Computer Science Expansion

3.1 Initial Structure and Leadership of CISE: 1986–1987 3.2 Organizational Initiation 3.3 Initial Actions 3.4 Changes in CISE Leadership 3.5 Transition to Routine Operation 3.6 Analysis

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Chapter 4 1999–2006: Broadening Computer Science with New Initiatives

4.1 Ruzena Bajcsy (December 1998 to August 2001) 4.2 Peter Freeman (May 2002 to January 2007) 4.3 Closing Observations

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Chapter 5 2007–2016: The Growing Centrality of CISE to NSF

5.1 Deborah Crawford (Acting AD, Early 2007) 5.2 Jeannette Wing (AD, July 2007 to June 2010) 5.3 Peter Arzberger (Acting AD, 2010 and 2011) 5.4 Farnam Jahanian (AD, March 2011 to July 2014) 5.5 Suzi Iacono (Acting AD, late 2014) 5.6 James Kurose (AD, January 2015–) 5.7 Conclusions

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PART II SELECTED SUBJECT STUDIES

Chapter 6 Pre-CISE Computing Facilities and Education Programs

6.1 Facilities Program 6.2 The 1970s and the 1980s 6.3 Support for Computer Education, 1950–1986 6.4 Conclusions

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Chapter 7 Pre-CISE Computing Research

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Chapter 8 Information Technology Research

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Chapter 9 Networking Research and Deployment

9.1 Early NSF-Supported Research on Networks (1950–1980) 9.2 NSF Leads Public Networking (1980–1995) 9.3 Transitioning to the Commercial Internet 9.4 Network Research after NSFNET (1996–2001) 9.5 Networking Research (2002–2004) 9.6 Initiation of the GENI Project (2004–2006) 9.7 The Origin of GENI (2004) 9.8 Conceptual Design for GENI (2004–2006) 9.9 Implementation of GENI (2007–2016) 9.10 Conclusion

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Chapter 10 NSF Support of High-Performance Computation

10.1 1950–1954 10.2 1955–1983 10.3 1984–1991 10.4 1992–2000 10.5 2000–2004 10.6 2005–Present

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Chapter 11 CISE’s Role in Broadening Participation in Computing

Conclusions Notes

Chapter 12 What Does an AD/CISE Do?

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PART III SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 13 Summary and Conclusions

13.1 Summary 13.2 Concluding Remarks

APPENDIXES

Appendix A Computing Organizations at NSF

Notes

Appendix B CISE Oral Histories List Appendix C Short Biographies Appendix D CISE History Archive (CHA) Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms

Bibliography of Secondary Literature on NSF and the History of U.S. Computing Author Biographies Index