The Pocket Book of Bird Anatomy by Taylor, Marianne -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page CONTENTS Introduction 1 ANCESTORS AND EVOLUTION

1.1 Evolutionary tree 1.2 Theropods 1.3 Early birds 1.4 Lost oddities 1.5 Convergent evolution 1.6 Evolution today

2 THE SKELETON

2.1 The bird skeleton 2.2 Skull 2.3 Wing bones 2.4 Leg and foot bones 2.5 Skeletal variation 2.6 Bones under the microscope

3 THE MUSCLES

3.1 Bird musculature 3.2 Muscles of the head and neck 3.3 Flight muscles 3.4 Lower limbs 3.5 Other muscles 3.6 Muscle microstructure and function

4 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

4.1 The bird nervous system 4.2 Brains: size and intelligence 4.3 Bird brain structures and regions 4.4 Comparing brains 4.5 The peripheral nervous system 4.6 Nerves and neurons

5 THE SENSES

5.1 Eye anatomy 5.2 Variations in avian eyes 5.3 Ears and hearing 5.4 Smell and taste 5.5 Skin anatomy and touch 5.6 Extra senses

6 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

6.1 The bird circulatory system 6.2 The bird heart 6.3 Blood vessels 6.4 Composition of blood 6.5 Hormones and glands 6.6 The lymphatic and immune systems

7 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

7.1 The bird respiratory system 7.2 Lung anatomy 7.3 The air sacs 7.4 Vocal apparatus 7.5 Gas exchange 7.6 Adaptations and specialisations

8 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

8.1 The bird’s digestive system 8.2 Food processing through the tract 8.3 Bill and tongue anatomy 8.4 Other dietary adaptations 8.5 Pellets 8.6 Kidneys and other waterworks

9 THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

9.1 Male and female reproductive anatomy 9.2 Hormones and breeding biology 9.3 Mating and conception 9.4 Forming and laying eggs 9.5 Structure of a bird’s egg 9.6 Variations in eggs and egg care

10 EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

10.1 Early development in the egg 10.2 Later development in the egg 10.3 Developmental problems 10.4 Incubation and hatching 10.5 Altricial and precocial chicks 10.6 Specialised chick anatomy

11 FEATHERS AND SKIN

11.1 Feather tracts 11.2 Feather types 11.3 Feather structure 11.4 Bare parts and skin 11.5 Moult 11.6 Feather care

12 PIGMENTATION, PATTERN AND COLOURS

12.1 Colours in the bird world 12.2 Pigmentation types and formation 12.3 Structural colours 12.4 Abnormal colours 12.5 Camouflage and illusion 12.6 Bare part colours

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