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Index
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I: Overview Health and Aging
Chapter 1. Impact of Nutrition on Healthy Aging
Abstract
Introduction
Dietary Fiber
GI and Gut Microbiota
The Role of SCFAs in Health and Disease
Ongoing and Future Directions
References
Chapter 2. Aging and the Recovery of Skin Function and Appearance
Abstract
Introduction
Skin Aging
Diet and Skin Aging
The Mediterranean Diet
References
Chapter 3. Changes in Nutritional Needs With Aging
Abstract
Introduction
Age-Related Changes Affect Nutrition
Changes in Nutritional Needs
Using Supplements
Assessing Nutritional Status
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Sugars, Glucocorticoids, and the Hypothalamic Controls of Appetite
Abstract
Overview
The Lipogenesis Hypothesis
Sugar Solutions and the Hypothalamus
Sugars and the Hypothalamus: Evidence from Humans
Conclusions and Summary
References
Chapter 5. Appetite Regulation in Healthy Aging
Abstract
Introduction
Reduced Appetite and Energy Intake During Aging
Less Suppression of Appetite and Energy Intake in Older People
Gastrointestinal Regulation of Appetite and Energy Intake
Appetite Regulation in Healthy Older Subjects
Appetite Regulation in Malnourished Older Subjects
Loss of Body Weight During Aging
Loss of Muscle Mass During Aging
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6. Human Microbiome and Aging
Abstract
Introduction
Human Microbiome
Microbiome Through the Human Life Cycle
Microbiome and the Immune Response
Impact of Diet on Microbiota
Therapeutic Interventions for Microbial Manipulation
Implications for Health and Disease
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Anxiety and Depression
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 7. Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Role of Obesity and Nutrients
Abstract
Introduction
Pathophysiology of Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia and Obesity
Symptoms of FMS and Obesity
Role of Diet and Micronutrients in Fibromyalgia
Summary
References
Chapter 8. Aging and Gait
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanics of Changes in Gait
Changes in Body Structure and Physiological Functions
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9. Assessment of Nutritional Status in the Elderly
Abstract
Introduction
Medical History With a Particular Emphasis on the Nutritional History and Physical Examination
Anthropometric Tests
Biochemical Tests
Survey Methods
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10. Eating Capability Assessments in Elderly Populations
Abstract
Introduction
Eating Capability: Definition and Constituents
Hand Force Assessments
Actions in the Oral Cavity: Mastication and Swallowing
Tongue Capability Assessment
Swallowing Capability Assessment
Assessing Sensing Capability
The Eating Capability Concept in Use
Conclusions
References
Part II: Nutrients (Vitamins and Minerals) in Health in Aging Adults
Chapter 11. Healthy Food Choice and Dietary Behavior in the Elderly
Abstract
Why Do We Eat What We Eat?
Determinants of Dietary Behavior
Design and Methods
Discussion and Applications
References
Chapter 12. Vitamin D and Diabetes in Elderly People
Abstract
Introduction
Potential Mechanisms and Pathways for an Effect of Vitamin D in Diabetes
Epidemiological Evidence of Hypovitaminosis D as a Risk Factor for Diabetes
Vitamin D and Diabetes in the Elderly
Conclusions
References
Chapter 13. Vitamin D and the Elderly Orthopedic Patient
Abstract
Introduction
Vitamin D
References
Chapter 14. Vitamins and Minerals in Older Adults: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Deficiency
Abstract
Introduction
Needs
Causes of Deficiency
Diagnosis of Deficiency
Treatment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. The Role of B Group Vitamins and Choline in Cognition and Brain Aging
Abstract
Introduction
Role of B Group Vitamins and Choline in Normal Brain Functioning and Neuroprotection
The Homocysteine Cycle: Biochemistry and Clinical Implications
Conclusions
References
Chapter 16. Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Elderly
Abstract
Introduction
Vitamin B12 Absorption
Vitamin B12 Metabolism and Function
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Elderly
Clinical Manifestations of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Diagnosis of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Vitamin B12 Deficiencies in the Institutionalized Elderly
Therapeutic Management
Screening for Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Elderly
References
Chapter 17. Vitamin E Isoform-Specific Functions in Allergic Inflammation and Asthma
Abstract
Introduction
Vitamin E Isoforms, Sources, and Functions
Asthma and Allergic Lung Inflammation
Clinical Studies of Asthma and Tocopherol Isoforms
Comparing Tocopherol Doses in Humans and Preclinical Mouse Studies
Alpha-Tocopherol and Gamma-Tocopherol Regulate Allergic Inflammation and Airway Hyper-Responsiveness in Preclinical Adult Animal Studies
Tocopherol Regulation of Leukocyte Recruitment
Maternal Tocopherols and Offspring Development of Allergy
Alpha-Tocopherol and Gamma-Tocopherol: Opposing Functions in Other Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Conclusions
References
Part III: Dietary Supplements and Herbs, Functional Foods, in Health in Aging Adults
Chapter 18. Polyphenols and Intestinal Health
Abstract
Introduction
Role of Gut Microbiota in Intestinal and Systemic Health
Classes, Subclasses, Examples, and Sources of Dietary Polyphenols
Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Properties of Polyphenols
Influence of Polyphenols on Macro- and Micronutrient Bioavailability
Polyphenol Digestion, Absorption, and Utilization
Polyphenol–Microbe Interactions
Intestinal Health Benefits of Polyphenols
Conclusions and Implications
References
Chapter 19. Nootropics, Functional Foods, and Dietary Patterns for Prevention of Cognitive Decline
Abstract
Introduction
Dietary Patterns and Complete Nutritional Plans With Cognitive Implications
Micronutrients With Possible Effects on Cognition
Foods, Herbs, Spices, and Dietary Complements With Functional Properties in Terms of Neuroprotection and Possible Cognitive Enhancement
Medical Foods
Conclusions
References
Chapter 20. Chalcones Target the Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Signaling Pathway for Cancer Chemoprevention
Abstract
Introduction
Characteristics of TRAIL and Apoptosis Induced by TRAIL
Characteristics of Chalcones
Chalcone Potential for Enhancing TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Cells
References
Chapter 21. Anti-inflammatory Dietary Ingredients, Medicinal Plants, and Herbs Exert Beneficial Health Effects in Aging
Abstract
Introduction
Renal Function
Cognitive Function
Conclusion
Conflict of Interest
References
Chapter 22. Calorie Restriction Mimetics From Functional Foods: Impact on Promoting a Healthy Life Span
Abstract
Introduction: Calorie Restriction
CRMS in Mediating Metabolic Pathways of Calorie Restriction
Targeting SIRT-1 for CRM Discovery and Development
Concluding Remarks and Perspectives
References
Chapter 23. Nutraceuticals for Healthy Skin Aging
Abstract
Introduction
Oxidative Stress
Beta-Carotene
Biotin
Coenzyme Q10 or Ubiquinone
Citrulline–Arginine
Isoflavone Soy Beans
L-carnosine
Lycopene
Lutein
Melatonin
Omega-3
Polyphenols
Prebiotics
Probiotics
Selenium
Silicon
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Zinc
Conclusions
References
Further Reading
Chapter 24. Effects of Resveratrol on Cognitive Functions
Abstract
Introduction
Background: Sources and Pharmacokinetics of Resveratrol
Animal Studies
Human Studies
Mechanisms
Limitations and Challenges for Future Studies
Conclusion
References
Chapter 25. North American Natural Health Products and Sexual Function in Aging Adults
Abstract
Introduction
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Bacteria
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Protista
Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
Part IV: Protein and Energy in Health and Growth of Elderly
Chapter 26. Physiological Aspects of Coenzyme Q10 in Plasma in Relationship with Exercise and Aging
Abstract
Overview
Do Levels of CoQ Decrease During Aging?
Importance of CoQ in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
CoQ10 Levels Can Be Modified by Physical Activity and Lifestyle
Plasma CoQ10 and Obesity
Regulation of CoQ10 Levels in Plasma
Effect of Statins on CoQ10 Levels
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 27. Cellular and Physiological Effects of Arginine in Seniors
Abstract
Introduction
Sources of Arginine
Biochemistry of Arginine
Arginine Physiology and Biological Importance
Arginine Dosing and Supplementation
References
Chapter 28. Late-Onset Caloric Restriction Alters Skeletal Muscle Metabolism: Mechanisms from Animal and Human Studies
Abstract
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Changes with Aging
Impacts of the Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
Mechanisms of Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
Caloric Restriction Alters Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
Mechanisms of the CR-Induced Alteration in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
Conclusion
References
Chapter 29. Healthy Foods for Healthy Aging: The Case for Protein
Abstract
Recommendations: An Instruction Manual for Eating to Achieve Healthy Aging
Dietary Protein: The Foundation of a Healthy Body and Healthy Aging
Milk: A Natural Functional Food for a Strong and Healthy Body
Eggs: A Nutritious Food with Big Health Benefits
Seafood: Powerful Help for Healthy Aging
Meat and Poultry: A Juicy Issue
Food Choices for the Elderly: Are These Good for Healthy Aging?
Social Influences, Values, Attitudes, and Meat: Behind the Scenes of Food Choices
Culture, Perceptions of Food Choices, and Eating Habits: Perception Is Reality
The Mediterranean Diet: Fast-Food Advice
Conclusions
References
Index
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