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Index
Cover
Contents
Preface
Thinking About the Study of the New Testament
PASSING ON THE TEXT
LONGSTANDING INTERPRETIVE TRADITIONS
THE RISE OF BIBLICAL THEOLOGY35
HISTORICAL CRITICISM, LITERARY TOOLS, AND THE
IMPACT OF POSTMODERNISM
Historical Criticism
Literary Criticism
The New Literary Criticism and the Turn to Postmodern Readings
Approaches Based on the Selection of Background Material
Social-Scientific Approaches
Language and Linguistic Approaches
CONCLUDING REFLECTIONS
INTRODUCTION
The Synoptic Gospels
THE EVOLUTION OF THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS
The Stage of Oral Traditions: Form Criticism
Description.
Evaluation.
The Stage of Written Sources: Source Criticism (the Synoptic Problem)
Introduction.
The Main Solutions.
Theories of Interdependence.
Markan Priority.
“Q”.
Proto-Gospel Theories.
Conclusion.
The Stage of Final Composition: Redaction Criticism
Description.
Origins.
Evaluation.
THE GOSPELS AS WORKS OF LITERATURE
The Genre of the Gospels
Literary Criticism
Description.
Evaluation.
JESUS AND THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS
The Question of the “Historical” Jesus
The Possibility of a Historical Outline
Gospel Chronology
Jesus’ Birth.
The Beginning of Jesus’ Ministry.
The Length of Jesus’ Ministry.
The Death of Jesus.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Matthew
CONTENTS
AUTHOR
PROVENANCE
DATE
DESTINATION
PURPOSE
TEXT
ADOPTION INTO THE CANON
MATTHEW IN RECENT STUDIES
THE CONTRIBUTION OF MATTHEW
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mark
CONTENTS
AUTHOR
PROVENANCE
DATE
A Date in the 40s
A Date in the 50s
A Date in the 60s
A Date in the 70s
Conclusion
AUDIENCE AND PURPOSE
Audience
Purpose
SOURCES
TEXT
MARK IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF MARK
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Luke
CONTENTS
LUKE–ACTS
AUTHOR
PROVENANCE
DATE
ADDRESSEE(S)
PURPOSE
COMPOSITION
TEXT
ADOPTION INTO THE CANON
LUKE’S GOSPEL IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF LUKE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
John
CONTENTS
AUTHOR
External Evidence
Internal Evidence
Stylistic Unity and the Johannine “Community”
PROVENANCE
Geographic Provenance
Conceptual Provenance
John’s Religious World.
John’s Relation to the Synoptics.
DATE
DESTINATION
PURPOSE
TEXT
ADOPTION INTO THE CANON
JOHN IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF JOHN
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Acts
CONTENTS
AUTHOR
The Traditional Case
The Case against the Tradition
Conclusion
DATE
A Second-Century Date
A Date of 80–95
A Date Before 70
GENRE, ADDRESSEES, AND PURPOSE
Genre
Addressees and Purpose
Conciliation.
Evangelism/Apologetics.
Theological Polemics.
Edification.
SOURCES
Acts 1–15
Acts 16–28
TEXT
ACTS IN RECENT STUDY
Survey of Research
Recent Contributions
Historicity.
Literary Approaches.
Theological Themes.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ACTS
Historical
Ancient Historical Standards.
Comparison between Acts and Other Sources.
The Speeches of Acts.
Theological and Pastoral
BIBLIOGRAPHY
New Testament Letters
NEW TESTAMENT LETTERS AGAINST THEIR GRECOROMAN
BACKGROUND
THE USE OF AMANUENSES
THE COLLECTION OF PAUL’S LETTERS
Theories of a Sudden Collection
Theories of a Gradual Growth
PSEUDONYMITY AND PSEUDEPIGRAPHY22
Extrabiblical Evidence
Preliminary Observations.
Jewish Examples.
Extrabiblical Christian Examples.
The Stance of the Church Fathers
Evidence Internal to New Testament Documents
Some Contemporary Theories
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Paul: Apostle and Theologian
PAUL’S BACKGROUND
“Born in Tarsus of Cilicia” (Acts 22:3)
“Brought up in this city” (Acts 22:3)
“Thoroughly trained in the law of our ancestors . . . zealous for God”
“As I came near Damascus” (Acts 22:6)
PAUL’S MISSIONARY CAREER AND ITS CHRONOLOGY
The Problem of Sources
An Outline of Paul’s Missionary Career
From Paul’s Conversion to the First Missionary Journey.
From Paul’s First Missionary Journey to His Death.
The Chronology of Paul’s Missionary Career
PAUL’S AUTHORITY AND THE SOURCES FOR HIS
THOUGHT
Paul’s Authority
The Sources of Paul’s Teaching
Revelation versus Tradition.
Early Christian Traditions.
The Earthly Jesus.
The Old Testament.
The Greek World.
Judaism.
PAUL AND JUDAISM
The “New Perspective”
Response to the New Perspective
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Romans
CONTENTS
AUTHOR
PROVENANCE AND DATE
ADDRESSEES
INTEGRITY, LITERARY HISTORY, AND TEXT
NATURE AND GENRE
PURPOSE
ROMANS IN RECENT STUDY
THEME AND CONTRIBUTION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1 and 2 Corinthians
CONTENTS
1 Corinthians
2 Corinthians
AUTHOR
DESTINATION
OCCASION
Historical Reconstruction
Reconstruction of the Social Setting
The Integrity of 1 and 2 Corinthians
The Place of 2 Corinthians 10–13.
Other Alleged Interpolations in 2 Corinthians.
The Integrity of 1 Corinthians.
The Character of Paul’s Opponents in 1 and 2 Corinthians
DATE
TEXT
ADOPTION INTO THE CANON
1 AND 2 CORINTHIANS IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF 1 AND 2 CORINTHIANS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Galatians
CONTENT
AUTHOR
DESTINATION
DATE
OCCASION24
TEXT
ADOPTION INTO THE CANON
GALATIANS IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF GALATIANS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ephesians
CONTENTS
AUTHOR
PROVENANCE
DATE
DESTINATION
PURPOSE
TEXT
ADOPTION INTO THE CANON
EPHESIANS IN RECENT STUDIES
THE CONTRIBUTION OF EPHESIANS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Philippians
CONTENTS
AUTHOR
PROVENANCE
DATE
OCCASION
TEXT
ADOPTION INTO THE CANON
PHILIPPIANS IN RECENT STUDY
The Unity of the Letter
Paul’s Opponents
THE CONTRIBUTION OF PHILIPPIANS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Colossians
CONTENTS
AUTHOR
Language and Style
Theology
Relation to Ephesians
PROVENANCE
DATE
OCCASION
TEXT
ADOPTION INTO THE CANON
COLOSSIANS IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF COLOSSIANS33
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1 and 2 Thessalonians
CONTENTS
1 Thessalonians
2 Thessalonians
AUTHOR
The Co-Authorship of the Letters
Interpolations in 1Thessalonians
The Pauline Authorship of 2Thessalonians
SITUATION, SEQUENCE OF LETTERS, AND DATE
OPPONENTS AND PURPOSE
1 AND 2 THESSALONIANS IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE THESSALONIAN
EPISTLES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Pastoral Epistles
THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PAULINE EPISTLES
Vocabulary and Syntax
Rhetorical Style
Historical Problems
The False Teachers
The Ecclesiastical Organization
Theology
THE PASTORAL EPISTLES IN RECENT STUDY
1 TIMOTHY
Contents
Provenance
Date
Destination
Text
Adoption into the Canon
The Contribution of 1Timothy
2 TIMOTHY
Contents
Provenance
Date
Destination
Text
Adoption into the Canon
The Contribution of 2Timothy
TITUS
Contents
Provenance
Date
Destination
Adoption into the Canon
The Contribution of Titus
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Philemon
CONTENTS
AUTHOR
OCCASION
PROVENANCE AND DATE
PHILEMON IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF PHILEMON
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hebrews
CONTENTS
AUTHOR
PROVENANCE
DATE
DESTINATION
PURPOSE
TEXT
ADOPTION INTO THE CANON
HEBREWS IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF HEBREWS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
James
CONTENTS
AUTHOR
PROVENANCE
DATE
DESTINATION/ADDRESSEES
NATURE/GENRE
ADOPTION INTO THE CANON
JAMES IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF JAMES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1 Peter
CONTENTS
OCCASION
SOURCES AND COMPOSITION
AUTHOR
PROVENANCE
DATE
AUDIENCE AND DESTINATION
1 PETER IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF 1 PETER
BIBLIOGRAPHY
2 Peter
CONTENTS
LITERARY AFFINITIES
OCCASION
AUTHOR
DATE AND PROVENANCE
DESTINATION AND AUDIENCE
2 PETER IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF 2 PETER
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1, 2, 3 John
CONTENT AND STRUCTURE
1 John
2 and 3 John
AUTHOR
PROVENANCE
DATE
DESTINATION
PURPOSE
TEXT
ADOPTION INTO THE CANON
1, 2, AND 3 JOHN IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE JOHANNINE EPISTLES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jude
CONTENTS
OCCASION
AUTHOR
DATE, PROVENANCE, DESTINATION, AND AUDIENCE
JUDE IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF JUDE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Revelation
CONTENTS
AUTHOR
Early Christian Testimony
Contemporary Discussion
1. Internal Evidence.
2. Arguments against Apostolic Authorship.
Conclusion
PROVENANCE
DATE
Early Christian Testimony
Contemporary Discussion
Conclusion
DESTINATION
COMPOSITION AND GENRE
Sources and Theories of Composition
Genre
TEXT
ADOPTION INTO THE CANON
REVELATION IN RECENT STUDY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF REVELATION
Methods of Interpretation
The Contribution of Revelation
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The New Testament Canon
INTRODUCTION
THE RELEVANCE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT CANON
THE FORMATION OF THE NEW TESTAMENT CANON
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT CANON
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Scripture Index
Name Index
Subject Index
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