[Gutenberg 44063] • The Making of Species by Dewar, Douglas -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

THE MAKING OF SPECIES

PREFACE CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

THE MAKING OF SPECIES

CHAPTER I RISE OF THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION AND ITS SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT

Strength of Darwin’s Position

Opponents of Darwin Evolution and Natural Selection Huxley Growing Opposition to Darwinism The Neo-Lamarckian School Orr’s Views Inheritance of Acquired Characters The Wallaceian School Complexity of the Problem The Aim of the Biologist

CHAPTER II SOME OF THE MORE IMPORTANT OBJECTIONS TO THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION

Theory of Natural Selection

Various Anti-Darwinian Views Darwinism does not explain Variation Theory of Change of Function Correlation Missing Links Recurrent Mutations Leaf-butterflies A Dilemma The Effects of Chance The Origin of Mimicry

CHAPTER III VARIATION

Nature of Variation

Definite and Indefinite Variability Monstrosities Minute Variations Lines of Variation Breeders’ Boasts Albinistic Variations Over-development Speed of Racehorses Experiments of De Vries Bateson on Variation Work of Bateson and De Vries Varieties and Elementary Species Mutations Law of Regression De Vries’s Dictum Mutating Plants Mutation Theory Criticised Definition of a Species “Scatliff Strain” of Turbit

Mutations among Animals

Mutations among Birds Color Mutations Mutations among Invertebrates Mutating Species Somatic and Germinal Variations Somatic Variations

CHAPTER IV HYBRIDISM

Alleged Sterility of Hybrids

Fertile Hybrids A Biological Bogey

Fertile Crosses between Species of Plants Sterile Plant Hybrids Fertile Mammalian Hybrids Fertile Bird Hybrids Fertile Hybrids among Amphibia Insects Limits to the Possibilities of Hybridisation

Characters of Hybrids Wild Hybrids

CHAPTER V INHERITANCE

Phenomena of Inheritance

Existing Theories Unsatisfactory Types of Crosses Mendel’s Experiments Mendelism Maturation of the Germ-cells Experiments of Delage and Loeb Experiments of Cuénot and Castle Unit Characters Chemical Molecules Experiments of Gräfin von Linden Biological Isomerism Biological Molecules Phenomenon of Sex Struggle for Nourishment Origin of Mutations

CHAPTER VI THE COLOURATION OF ORGANISMS

Robinson on Protective Colouring

Cryptic Colouring Warning Colouration Batesian Mimicry Examples of Mimicry Müllerian Mimicry Danger Signals Obliterative Colouring

Objections to the Theory of Cryptic Colouring

Fauna of Polar Regions Pelagic Organisms Unimportance of Colour Gadow on Coral Snakes F. C. Selous Quoted Sexual Dimorphism Precis Artexia Striped Caterpillars Colours of Eggs Eyesight of Birds

The Theory of Warning Colouration

Examples of Warning Colouration Warning Colouring a Drawback Conspicuous Animals Attacked Aposematic Sounds Intimidating Attitudes

Mimicry

Theory of Protective Mimicry Evidence for the Theory Alternative Theories

Objections to the Theory that the so-called Cases of Mimicry owe their Origin to Natural Selection

The Brain-fever Bird Hypertely Birds capturing Butterflies Observing-powers of Birds

“False” Mimicry among Mammals False Batesian Mimicry among Birds

Theory of Mimicry Criticised

“Recognition” Colours

Interbreeding of Allied Species Symmetry in Nature

The Colouring of Flowers and Fruits

Cross- versus Self-fertilisation Insects and Flowers Honey Scents of Flowers Kay Robinson’s Theory Accepted Theories Unsatisfactory White Down of Nestlings Cranes Magpie Colouring Albinos Biological Molecules and Colour Mr Tylor Quoted Pœcilomeres Biological Molecules

CHAPTER VII SEXUAL DIMORPHISM

Theory of Sexual Selection

The Law of Battle Selection by Females Male Attractiveness Pearson’s Investigations Finn’s Experiments Display of Undecorated Cocks Plumage of Herons Sexual Dissimilarity

Wallace’s Explanation of Sexual Dissimilarity

Wallace’s Theory Criticised

The Theory of Thomson and Geddes Stolzmann’s Theory Neo-Lamarckian Explanation

Cunningham’s Theory Existing Theories not Satisfactory Hormones Eye-colour, Comb, and Spurs The Four Kinds of Mutations Unilateral Transmission Greater Value of Females

CHAPTER VIII THE FACTORS OF EVOLUTION

The Struggle for Existence

Checks on Increase Attributes of Successful Species

Correlation Isolation

Divergence of Character Isolation Discriminate Isolation Indiscriminate Isolation Mollusca of Sandwich Isles Local Species Cormorants Natural Selection Origin of the Fittest

FOOTNOTES INDEX

ORNITHOLOGICAL AND OTHER ODDITIES BOMBAY DUCKS BIRDS OF THE PLAINS NOTICE LIVING MASTERS OF MUSIC STARS OF THE STAGE A CATALOGUE OF MEMOIRS, BIOGRAPHIES, ETC. WORKS UPON NAPOLEON

Transcriber’s Notes

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