Getting Started With CNC by Ford, Edward -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Preface

Why I Wrote This Book Who This Book Is For How to Use This Book Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples Safari® Books Online How to Contact Us Acknowledgments

1. What Is CNC?

Digital Fabrication Why Computer Controlled?

Accuracy Complexity Simulation Safety

How Do Computer-Controlled Machines Work?

Cartesian Coordinate System X, Y, and Z for CNC

What Can I Make?

Toys and Games Signs and Carvings Vehicles, Furniture, and Houses Molds and Casts Metal Creations and Inlays Circuit Boards

2. Mechanical Overview

Gantry Carriage Spindle

Spindles Versus Routers

Table Mechanisms for Securing Materials

Step Clamps T-slots Threaded Inserts Screws Tape Vacuum Table Vises Routers Versus Mills

Machine Configurations

3. End Mills and Cutting

End Mills

Drill Bits Versus End Mills Common Tool Geometries Tip Shapes End Mill Anatomy End Mill Materials Coatings

Cutting

Ramping Climb Versus Conventional Cuts Speeds and Feeds Chipload Types of Tool Holding

4. CAD: Draw or Model Something

2D Raster Images 2D Vector Graphics

Vector Editing Software

2D Drawings Versus 3D Models 3D Models More Software to Try

V-Carving Text Image to G-code Single-Line Drawing Halftone Images

5. CAM: Make Toolpaths

2D/2.5D Toolpaths 3D Toolpaths 2D/2.5D CAM Operations 2D/2.5D Toolpath Parameters Overcuts

Dog Bones T-Bones

Minimum Feature Size Basic 3D CAM Operations

Parallel Finishing Contour Finishing

6. CAD/CAM Project: No Machine Necessary!

Inkscape MakerCAM Webgcode CAMotics Wooden Racer Project

Project Materials and Dimensions

Step 1: Create the Digital Design

Body Wheels

Step 2: Configure MakerCAM Step 3: Import and Center Racer SVG File Step 4: Create Wheel Toolpaths

Reduce Wheel Thickness by Half Screw Head Countersink Screw Hole

Step 5: Create Body Toolpaths

Body Window Wheel Holes Body Perimeter

Step 6: Calculate Toolpaths Step 7: Export G-code Step 8: Vizualize Toolpaths

7. Creating Motion: Electromechanical Overview

Mechanical Motion

Linear Motion Slop Linear Guide Types

Power Transmission

Lead Screws and Lead Nuts Belt Drives Rack and Pinion

Backlash Motors and Electronic Components Stepper Motors Motion and Machine Control

Mach3 LinuxCNC Grbl Industrial Cases Other Choices Parallel Ports

8. G-Code: Speaking CNC

Drawing a Square: Instructions for Humans Square-Drawing Instructions for Machines G-code Square Breakdown

Step 1: Put Pen to Paper (G20 F20 X0 Y0 Z0) Step 2: Move the Pen 1 Inch Toward the Top (G1 Y1) Step 3: Move the Pen 1 Inch Right (G1 X1) Step 4: Move the Pen 1 Inch Toward bottom (G1 Y0) Step 5: Move the Pen 1 Inch Left (G1 X0) Step 6: Lift the Pen 1 Inch from Paper (G1 Z1)

G-code Rules Feeds, Speeds, and Tools Diving Further into G-Codes

G0 (Rapid Motion) G1 (Controlled Motion) G2 (Clockwise Motion) G3 (Counterclockwise Motion) G17/G18/G19 (Working Planes) G20/21 (Inches or Millimeters) G28 and G28.1 (Referencing Home) G90 (Absolute Mode) G91 (Incremental Mode)

M-Codes

9. Practical Machining Tips

CAM File Orientation Versus Actual Machine Setup Setting Machine Zero

Zeroing the X- and Y-Axes Zeroing the Z-Axis

Homing

Practical Homing

Tool Changes Machined Material Hold-Down Tips

10. Conclusion A. Resources

Shapeoko Documentation and Communities Invaluable Resources MakerSpaces

Index

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