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Index
Title Page
Contents
Preface
Transliteration and Abbreviations
THE TEXT OF THE OLD TESTAMENT
The Pentateuch
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy
The Histories
Joshua
Judges
Ruth
Samuel
1 Samuel
2 Samuel
Kings
1 Kings
2 Kings
Chronicles
1 Chronicles
2 Chronicles
Ezra and Nehemiah
Ezra
Nehemiah
Esther
Poetry and Wisdom
Job
Psalms
Proverbs
Ecclesiastes
The Song of Solomon
The Prophets
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Lamentations
Ezekiel
Daniel
Hosea
Joel
Amos
Obadiah
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
Haggai
Zachariah
Malachi
CONTEXT, RECEPTION, CRITICISM
Part I. Ancient Near Eastern Texts
Myths and Legends
EGYPTIAN MYTHS OF ORIGIN
[The One and the Many]
The Memphite Cosmology
[Creation Equal for Rich and Poor]
EPIC TALES FROM MESOPOTAMIA AND CANAAN
Enuma Elish (The Babylonian Epic of Creation)
[The Battle of Baal and Sea]
The Eridu Genesis
Atrahasis (the Babylonian Noah)
The Epic of Gilgamesh • [Gilgamesh and Enkidu]
• [The Story of the Flood]
Adapa and the South Wind
POPULAR LEGENDS
The Two Brothers
The Birth Legend of Sargon of Akkad
Laws and Treaties
Laws of Lipit-Ishtar
Laws of Hammurabi
Hittite Laws
Middle Assyrian Laws
Vassal Treaty of Esarhaddon
Historical Records
The Sumerian King List
The Amarna Letters
The Moabite Stone
Assyrian Royal Annals
• Shalmaneser III (battle of Qarqar; siege of Damascus)
• Sargon II (deportation of the Samarians)
• Sennacherib (siege of Jerusalem)
The Babylonian Chronicle • [Battle of Carchemish]
• [Conquest of Jerusalem]
• [Fall of Babylon]
The Cyrus Cylinder
The Passover Letter from Elephantine
Prophecy
The Prophecies of Neferti
Egyptian Dream Book
Dream Oracle to Thutmose IV
Mesopotamian Omens
Divination by Stones
Mari Letters
Book of Balaam (Deir All a Inscriptions)
Oracles Concerning Esarhaddon
[Apocalyptic Prophecy]
Hymns and Prayers
The Great Hymn to the Aten
Amon as the Sole God
Hymn to Enlil
Prayer of Kantuzzili
Prayer to Ishtar
Prayer to Marduk
To a Personal God
Didactic and Wisdom Literature
The Instruction of the Vizier Ptah-Hotep
The Instruction of Amenemope
Babylonian Counsels of Wisdom
Harper’s Song from the Tomb of Intef
The Dialogue of Pessimism
The Poem of the Righteous Sufferer
The Babylonian Theodicy
Songs and Laments
Egyptian Love Song
Sumerian Love Songs
Lamentation over the Destruction of Ur
Part II. Historical Anthology of Biblical Interpretation
Traditional Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Exegesis
HELLENISTIC WRITINGS
First Book of Enoch • [The Rebel Angels]
Jubilees • [Moses Summoned]
• [The Creation]
• [Enoch]
• [The Binding of the Demons]
• [The Life of Abraham]
• [Conclusion]
The Genesis Apocryphon • [Abram and Sarai in Egypt]
Commentary on Habakkuk • [The Teacher of Righteousness and the Wicked Priest]
Aristobulus • [That the Greeks Borrowed from the Hebrews]
Philo of Alexandria • [The Two Adams]
• [The Descent of the Soul]
• [On Reputation and Outward Observance]
Josephus Flavius • [On the canon of sacred scripture]
On the Origin of the World (from the Nag Hammadi Library)
RABBINIC EXEGESIS
Mekilta de-Rabbi Ishmael • [No earlier and later in Torah]
• [“An Eye for an Eye”]
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 4:1–6; 18:1–25
Genesis Rabbah • [“In the Beginning”]
• [The Double Nature of Man]
• [Abraham and His Father’s Idols]
Leviticus Rabbah • [“Speak…and say” (Saul and the Woman of Endor)]
Baba Batra (Babylonian Talmud) • [On the Tables in the Ark]
• [The List of Biblical Books]
PATRISTIC EXEGESIS
Irenaeus • [Despoiling the Egyptians]
• [Lot and his Daughters]
• [The Two Testaments]
Origen • [Threefold Interpretation]
• [Carnal and Spiritual Love]
Gregory of Nyssa • [Male and Female]
• [The Divine Darkness]
• [From Glory to Glory]
Augustine of Hippo • [Egyptian Gold]
• [The Principle of Charity]
• [“In the Beginning”]
• [Noah’s Ark]
ISLAMIC WRITINGS
Qur’an• 2:47–57 [The Covenant with Israel]
• 2:60–62 [Israel in the Wilderness]
• 7:103–26 [Moses and the Egyptian Sorcerers]
• 7:142–43 [The Revelation of the Mountain]
• 12:22–34 [The Chastity of Joseph]
• 21:48–94 [The Community of Prophets]
al-Kisa’i • [The Prophet Job]
MEDIEVAL JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN EXEGESIS
Rashi • Commentary on the Pentateuch (Genesis 1:1; 1:26; Deuteronomy 28:23; 31:23; 32:12)
Nachmanides • [How Moses Wrote the Torah]
• [“In the Beginning”]
The Zohar • [The Creation]
• [Male and Female]
• [Noah and the Ark]
• [Openings]
Bernard of Clairvaux • [The “Kiss,” Song of Songs 1:2]
Hildegard of Bingen • [Moses’ Vision of God]
• Analogy of the Manna
• Goliath and David
Thomas Aquinas • [On Metaphor]
• [The Four Senses of Scripture]
Bonaventure • [The Seven Days of Creation]
RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola • Exposition of…“In the beginning”
Martin Luther • [The Purpose of the Law]
John Calvin • [On the Wrestling of Jacob]
Lancelot Andrewes • A Sermon [“Touch not Mine anointed”]
Philosophical Reflections
Moses Maimonides • [The Language of Scripture]
• [On Prophecy]
• [On Divine Providence]
Thomas Aquinas • [The Proper Name of God]
• [Can There Be Creation Ex Nihilo?]
Thomas Hobbes • [How God Speaks to Man]
• [The Pentateuch Not Written by Moses]
Algernon Sidney • [Absolute Monarchy Not Conformable to Scripture]
Baruch Spinoza • Of the Interpretation of Scripture
• The True Authorship of the Sacred Books
• In What Respect Scripture Is Called the Word of God
Isaac Newton • [The Oldest Religion]
Voltaire • David
• Moses
Immanuel Kant • Conjectural Beginning of Human History
G. W. F. Hegel • The Spirit of Judaism
Friedrich Nietzsche • [The Grandeur of the Old Testament]
Max Weber • The Prophet
Martin Buber • The God of the Sufferers
Paul Ricoeur • The Infinite Demand and the Finite Commandment
Historical-Critical Analysis
LETTER AND SPIRIT
Julius Wellhausen • [Ordering the Sources]
• The Oral and the Written Torah
Yehezkel Kaufmann • The Torah and Prophecy
• [The Antiquity of the Priestly Writings]
LEGEND, HISTORY, IDEOLOGY
Hermann Gunkel • The Legends of Genesis
E. A. Speiser • The Biblical Idea of History in Its Common Near Eastern Setting
Philip R. Davies • [Ancient Israel: A Scholarly Fiction]
THE COMPOSITION OF THE PENTATEUCH
Gerhard von Rad • The Form-Critical Problem of the Hexateuch
Martin Noth • The Major Themes of the Tradition in the Pentateuch and Their Origin
Samuel Sandmel • The Haggada Within Scripture
Rolf Rendtorff • The ‘Yahwist’ as Theologian?
David M. Carr • Textuality and Education in Ancient Israel
FROM COVENANT TO CANON
Moshe Weinfeld • [Treaty and Covenant]
Moshe Greenberg • Some Postulates of Biblical Criminal Law
Phyllis A. Bird • The Image of Woman in the Old Testament Laws
Joseph Blenkinsopp • [Institution and Charisma]
Michael Fishbane • Inner Biblical Exegesis
Comparative and Literary Approaches
Martin Buber • Leitwort Style in Pentateuch Narrative
Erich Auerbach • Odysseus’ Scar
Mary Douglas • The Abominations of Leviticus
Robert Alter • Characterization and the Art of Reticence
Alan Mintz • The Rhetoric of Lamentations
Meir Sternberg • Ideology of Narration and Narration of Ideology
David Damrosch • Law and Narrative in the Priestly Work
Harold Bloom • The Representation of Yahweh
James C. Nohrnberg • Justifying Narrative: Commentary within Biblical Storytelling
Tikva Frymer-Kensky • The Ideology of Gender
Jean-Pierre Sonnet • From Burial Place to Crossing Book
Poems and Parables
Adam lay ybounden
George Herbert • Sion
• The Bunch of Grapes
Robert Herrick • The Chewing the Cud
Henry Vaughan • Religion
John Milton • [The Creation]
Christopher Smart • Jubilate Agno (man and beast…together)
Emily Dickinson • “A little East of Jordan”
• “It always felt to me–a wrong”
• “The Soul should always stand ajar”
• “Elijah’s Wagon knew no thill”
A. E. Housman • [Lot’s Wife]
Robert Frost • The Most of It
• Never Again Would Birds’ Song Be the Same
John Hollander • Adam’s Task
Jay Macpherson • The Beauty of Job’s Daughters
METRICAL PSALMS
Thomas Sternhold • “The man is blest that hath not goen” (Psalm 1)
Thomas Wyatt • “From depth of sin and from a deep despair” (Psalm 130)
Philip Sidney • “The Lord, the Lord my shepheard is” (Psalm 23)
Mary Herbert, Countess of Pembroke • “Praise him that ay” (Psalm 117)
• “From depth of grief” (Psalm 130)
Thomas Carew • “Sitting by the streams that Glide” (Psalm 137)
Isaac Watts • “Our God, our help in ages past” (Psalm 90:1–5)
HYMNS
Charles Wesley • Wrestling Jacob
John Newton • Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken
John Marriott • Thou, Whose Almighty Word
SPIRITUALS
Every Time I Feel the Spirit
Let My People Go
Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho
Swing Low, Sweet Chariot
Ezekiel Saw the Wheel (1)
Ezekiel Saw the Wheel (2)
Ezekiel Said There Was a Wheel in a Wheel
IN PROSE
Laurence Sterne • The History of Jacob, Considered
William Blake • A Memorable Fancy
Herman Melville • The Sermon
Franz Kafka • The Tower of Babel
• Mount Sinai
• [In the Wilderness]
Thomas Mann • Jacob Must Journey
• [The Art of Condensation]
Two Exemplary Passages from Genesis
THE EXPULSION FROM THE GARDEN (GENESIS 3)
Life of Adam and Eve
Philo of Alexandria
Irenaeus
Ephrem the Syrian
The Hypostasis of the Archons
Qur’an
Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer
Mystère d’Adam
John Calvin
John Milton
Creation (African American folksong)
Julius Wellhausen
Phyllis Trible
Joel Rosenberg
Leslie Brisman
Franz Kafka
THE BINDING OF ISAAC (GENESIS 22)
Jubilees
Epistle to the Hebrews
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
Genesis Rabbah
Augustine of Hippo
al-Kisa’i
Moses Maimonides
John Calvin
Søren Kierkegaard
Franz Kafka
Benno Jacob
E. A. Speiser
Anthony Hecht
Part III. On Translation
Gerald Hammond • English Translations of the Bible
Survey of English Translations from Wycliff to the Present
• Genesis 1:1–8
• Psalm 23
The Translators to the Readers (Translators’ preface from 1611)
DIAGRAMS, CHARTS, TIMELINE, AND MAPS
The tabernacle
The wilderness camp
Temple of Solomon
Ezekiel’s apportionment of the land and the sacred reserve
Traditional Orders for the Books in the Hebrew Bible
Kings and Prophets of Judah and Israel
Ancient Near Eastern Chronology
MAPS
The Ancient Near East
Sinai and the Wilderness
Tribal Allotments
The Kingdom of David and Solomon and the Divided Kingdom
Permissions Acknowledgments
Copyright
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