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Introduction
Part I: Introduction
Chapter 1. MPLS VPN Architecture Overview
MPLS VPN Terminology
Connection-Oriented VPNs
Connectionless VPNs
MPLS-Based VPNs
The MPLS Technology
The MPLS VPN Technology
New MPLS VPN Developments
Access Technology Integration with MPLS VPN
New Routing Protocol Options
New Layer-3 Protocols Transported Over MPLS
Summary
Part II: Advanced PE-CE Connectivity
Chapter 2. Remote Access to an MPLS VPN
Feature Enhancements for MPLS VPN Remote Access
Overview of Access Protocols and Procedures
PPP
L2TP
VPDN
RADIUS
DHCP
Providing Dial-In Access to an MPLS VPN
Dial-In Access via L2TP VPDN
Dial-In Access via Direct ISDN
Providing Dial-Out Access via LSDO
Configuring the SuperCom San Jose VHG/PE Router
Configuring the SuperCom San Jose LAC/NAS
SuperCom RADIUS Attributes
Verifying VRF-Aware LSDO Operation
VRF Static Route Download from an AAA Server
Providing Dial-Out Access Without LSDO (Direct ISDN)
Providing Dial Backup for MPLS VPN Access
Providing DSL Access to an MPLS VPN
DSL Access by Using RFC 1483 Routed Encapsulation
DSL Access Using RFC 1483 Bridged Encapsulation
DSL Access Using PPP Over ATM
DSL Access Using PPP over Ethernet
DSL Access Using PPPoX and VPDN (L2TP)
Providing Cable Access to an MPLS VPN
Configuring the SuperCom Head End PE Router
Verifying Cable Operation
Advanced Features for MPLS VPN Remote Access
ODAPs
Per VRF AAA
DHCP Relay: VPN Support
Summary
Chapter 3. PE-CE Routing Protocol Enhancements and Advanced Features
PE-CE Connectivity: OSPF
OSPF PE-CE Connectivity Requirements
Basic OSPF Operation Between PE and CE Routers
Changing the OSPF router-id
Monitoring OSPF Running Inside a VRF
BGP Extended Community Attributes for OSPF Routes
Controlling LSA Type Generation at PE Routers
Prevention of Routing Loops Between OSPF Sites
VPN Client Backdoor Links
PE-CE Connectivity: Integrated IS-IS
IS-IS PE-CE Connectivity Requirements
Separation of IS-IS VPN Routing Information
Propagation of IS-IS Routes Within Multiprotocol BGP
Leve1 1-2 PE Router to CE Router Connectivity
Level 2 PE Router to CE Router Connectivity
Level 1 Only PE Router to CE Router Connectivity
Prevention of Routing Loops Between IS-IS Sites
PE-CE Connectivity: EIGRP
EIGRP PE-CE Connectivity Requirements
Separation of EIGRP VPN Routing Information
Propagation of EIGRP Routes Within Multiprotocol BGP
BGP Extended Community Attributes for EIGRP Routes
EIGRP-VRF Route Types
Summary
Chapter 4. Virtual Router Connectivity
Configuring Virtual Routers on CE Routers
Running OSPF in Virtual Router Scenarios
Running BGP in Virtual Router Scenarios
Complex Virtual Router Setups
Linking the Virtual Router with the MPLS VPN Backbone
GRE Refresher
GRE Tunnels in the MPLS VPN Architecture
Using GRE Tunnels to Link Multi-VRF CE Routers to the MPLS VPN Backbone
Deploying GRE Tunnels to Support Multi-VRF in EuroBank's European Sites
VRF Selection Based on Source IP Address
VRF Selection in the EuroBank Network
Designing the Return Path for the VPN Traffic
Performing NAT in a Virtual Router Environment
NAT Refresher
Configuring NAT on a PE Router
Using PE-NAT to Access Common Services
Using PE-NAT for Shared Firewalls
Summary
Part III: Advanced Deployment Scenarios
Chapter 5. Protecting the MPLS-VPN Backbone
Inherent Security Capabilities
Address Space Separation
No Visibility of the Core Network
Resistance to Label Spoofing
Neighbor Authentication
PE to CE Authentication
PE to PE Authentication
P-Network Authentication
CE-to-CE Authentication
Control of Routes That Are Injected into a VRF
Using RIPv2 as the PE/CE Routing Protocol
Using Multiprotocol BGP to Exchange VPNv4 Routes
Using eBGP as the PE/CE Routing Protocol
Using OSPF as the PE/CE Routing Protocol
PE to CE Circuits
Extranet Access
Internet Access
Shared Internet Access Using the Default Route
Firewall Co-Location
Hub and Spoke Internet Access Using the Global Routing Table
Firewall at the CE Router
IPSec over MPLS
Summary
Chapter 6. Large-Scale Routing and Multiple Service Provider Connectivity
Large Scale Routing: Carrier's Carrier Solution Overview
Carrier's Carrier Route Types
Carrier Backbone Connectivity
Exchange of Internal Routes Between VPN Sites
Routing Information Exchange Between CSC PE Routers and CE Routers
Exchange of External Routes Between VPN Sites
Label Distribution Protocols on PE-CE Links
LDP Discovery: Transport Address Usage
Label Distribution Between CSC PE Router and CE Router
Use of Static Default Routes at CSC CE Routers
BGP-4 Between PE/CE Routers
Filtering Routes on CSC CE Router to PE Router Links
Hierarchical VPNs: Carrier's Carrier MPLS VPNs
VPN Connectivity Between Different Service Providers
Interprovider Connectivity Requirements
Back-to-Back VRF Solution
Distribution of Routes Across ASBR-ASBR Link
External Multiprotocol BGP
External MP-BGP VPNv4 Route Exchange
Multihop Multiprotocol eBGP for VPNv4 Prefix Exchange
Multihop Multiprotocol eBGP Between Route Reflectors
Change of BGP Next-Hop at the Route Reflectors
IPv4 + Labels Capability for Exchange of BGP Next-Hops
Summary
Chapter 7. Multicast VPN
Introduction to IP Multicast
Source Trees
Shared Trees
Multicast Forwarding
RPF
PIM
Enterprise Multicast in a Service Provider Environment
mVPN Architecture
Multicast Domain Overview
Multicast VRF
PIM Adjacencies
MDTs
Default-MDT
Data-MDT
MTI
RPF Check
Multiprotocol BGP MDT Updates and SSM
mVPN State Flags
mVPN Forwarding
Case Study of mVPN Operation in SuperCom
PIM SM in the SuperCom Network
Enabling Multicast in VRFs
Multicast Tunnel Interfaces
Multicast Distribution Trees
mVRF PIM Adjacencies
mVRF Routing Entries
Data-MDT Operation
SSM in the SuperCom Core
Summary
Chapter 8. IP Version 6 Transport Across an MPLS Backbone
IPv6 Business Drivers
Deployment of IPv6 in Existing Networks
Quick Introduction to IPv6
IPv6 Addressing
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
IPv6 Routing
Configuring IPv6 in Cisco IOS
In-Depth 6PE Operation and Configuration
IPv6 Route Exchange Between PE Routers and CE Routers
MP-BGP Session Establishment and Route Redistribution
Labeled IPv6 MP-BGP Prefixes
IPv6 Datagram Forwarding Across an MPLS Backbone
Complex 6PE Deployment Scenarios
BGP Route Reflectors
6PE Deployment in Networks Using BGP Confederations
Inter-AS 6PE Deployment
Summary
Part IV: Troubleshooting
Chapter 9. Troubleshooting of MPLS-Based Solutions
Introduction to Troubleshooting of MPLS-Based Solutions
Customer Control Plane Operation
Provider Control Plane Operation
Data Plane Operation
Troubleshooting the MPLS Backbone
Verifying End-to-End LSP
Other Quick Checks
MPLS Control Plane Troubleshooting
Verify Local TDP/LDP Parameters
Verify Correct Operation of TDP/LDP Hello Protocol
Check TDP/LDP Sessions
Check the Label Exchange
MPLS Data Plane Troubleshooting
Monitoring Interface-Level CEF
Oversized Packet Issues
MPLS VPN Troubleshooting
Quick MPLS VPN Checks
Pinging Between the CE Routers
Check for CEF Switching
In-Depth MPLS VPN Troubleshooting
Egress CE-PE Routing Exchange
Route Export
Propagation of MPLS VPN Routes
Route Import
Redistribution of MPLS VPN Routes and Ingress PE-CE Routing Exchange
Summary
Index
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