Crooked Timber and the Broken Branch · the Invisible Hand in the Marketplace of Ideas by Beattie, Peter -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Introduction: Why Democracy Is Not Working 1. Information – Evolution, Psychology, and Politics

i. Memes ii. What meme theory is not iii. What meme theory provides iv. Schemas v. What schemas do vi. Applications of schema theory vii. Social Representations viii. What social representations do ix. Social representations in political psychology x. Memes and schemas in social representations: A synthetic theory for political psychology xi. Illustrating the spread of ideas xii. Studying the spread of political ideas xiii. Conclusion

2. Evolution – How We Got the Minds We Have Today

i. Where we came from ii. Evolutionary Psychology – what we know about how our minds came to be iii. The evolutionary psychology of morality iv. What evolutionary psychology is, and is not v. Human cooperation: How evolution managed to create and sustain it vi. The evolution of language vii. Aggressive egalitarians viii. The other evolution ix. Recent evolution – in evolution, and our understanding of it x. So what? How evolution matters to today’s societies xi. What we know about our evolved political psychology xii. Left and Right in evolutionary psychology xiii. Evolution, morality, and politics xiv. The significance of our evolutionary minds

3. When Our Evolved Minds Go Wrong – Social Psychological Biases

i. How psychology explains the brain’s contribution to information ecology ii. A bias tour of the human mind iii. Belief bias iv. Confirmation bias v. Cognitive dissonance reduction vi. Meaning maintenance – accounting for a bevy of biases vii. Groupishness and bias viii. Thinking like lemmings ix. Beliefs persist, memories less so x. If you can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em: System Justification Theory xi. But wait, there’s more: Attitude inoculation and counterintuitive effects xii. Like likes like: Ideological segregation xiii. Moral rationalization and conflict xiv. Self-deception xv. Styles of thought xvi. A media adapted to our minds xvii. Conclusion

4. The Transition – Information from Media to Mind

i. What the media does ii. Other media effects iii. Broad effects: Cultivation theory iv. Informing the mind: The micro level v. The bigger picture: How does the media change minds? vi. Models of media influence: Priming vii. Models of media influence: Framing viii. Models of media influence: Agenda setting ix. From what to think about, to what to think x. The silent death rattle of media-centered democracies xi. Ideological self-segregation xii. Mo’ media, mo’ problems – and less knowledge xiii. What can be done?

5. The Supply Side – What Affects the Supply of Information Provided by the Media

i. A brief history of the press ii. A brief history of broadcast media iii. The fourth branch of government and the marketplace of ideas iv. The media oligopoly v. Journalism’s economic crisis vi. Analyzing the political economy of media – the neoclassical way vii. Media bias viii. Explanations for media bias: The economic model ix. Another structural explanation: The “propaganda model” x. The ecology of information in the media: Key influences xi. Conclusion

6. Comparing Media Systems Worldwide – What a Difference Supply Makes

i. What democracy needs from its media ii. Commercialism and its discontents iii. Commercialism does not guarantee pluralism iv. Three media system models v. Testing the three models of media systems vi. Around the world

Africa Australia China Latin America India Japan Russia

Five media sectors Constitutional changes Press councils Changing journalistic professionalism Alternative media Subsidies Ownership restrictions Vouchers Public funding License fee funding Content regulations War reporting

xi. Conclusion

Conclusion: The Invisible Hand and the Ecology of Information

i. A review of the evidence ii. Another influence: Education iii. Social evolution: Observations for epistemology iv. Power v. Economics vi. Empire vii. Final remarks

References Notes