Applied Three-Dimensional Subsurface Geological Mapping · With Structural Methods, 3rd Edition by Metzner, David -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page About This eBook Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Page Contents Forewords Preface Acknowledgments

Reviewers Contributors Drafting Support Personnel Contributing Authors Special Recognition and Thanks from Daniel J. Tearpock Special Recognition and Thanks from Richard E. Bischke Special Recognition and Thanks from David C. Metzner Special Recognition and Thanks from James C. Brenneke

About the Authors

In Memoriam Daniel J. Tearpock Richard E. Bischke James C. Brenneke David C. Metzner

Chapter 1. Introduction to Subsurface Mapping

Textbook Overview The Philosophical Doctrine of Accurate Subsurface Interpretation and Mapping Mentors and Mentoring Types of Subsurface Maps and Cross Sections

Chapter 2. Contouring and Contouring Techniques

Introduction Three-Dimensional Perspective Calculation of Bed Dip Rules of Contouring Methods of Contouring by Hand Computer-Based Contouring Concepts and Applications

Chapter 3. Measuring Depth, Directionally Drilled Wells, and Directional Surveys

Introduction Vertical Wells Directionally Drilled Wells Application of Directionally Drilled Wells Common Types of Directionally Drilled Wells Directional Well Plan Directional Tools Used for Measurements Directional Survey Calculations Directional Survey Uncertainties Directional Well Plots Wells Without Directional Surveys

Chapter 4. Log Correlation Techniques

Introduction Electric Log Correlation Procedures and Guidelines Correlation Type Log Electric Log Correlation—Vertical Wells Electric Log Correlation—Directionally Drilled Wells Correlation of Vertical and Directionally Drilled Wells MLT, TVDT, TVT, AND TST Electric Log Correlation—Horizontal Wells Computer-Based Log Correlation Repeated Section Estimating Restored Tops Unconformities Annotation and Documentation

Chapter 5. Integration of Geophysical Data in Subsurface Mapping

Introduction and Philosophy The Process Data Validation and Interpretation Data Extraction Some Final Thoughts on Seismic Mapping

Chapter 6. Cross Sections

Introduction Planning a Cross Section Structural Cross Sections Stratigraphic Cross Sections Problem-Solving Cross Sections Finished Illustration (Show) Cross Sections Correlation Sections Cross-Section Design Vertical Exaggeration Projection of Wells Cross-Section Construction Across Faults Three-Dimensional Views Cross-Section Construction Using a Computer Fault-Seal Analysis Chronostratigraphic Sections

Chapter 7. Fault Maps

Introduction Fault Terminology Definition of Fault Displacement Mathematical Relationship of Throw to Vertical Separation Fault Data Determined From Well Logs Fault Surface Map Construction Types of Fault Patterns Fault Data Determined from Seismic Information Growth Faults Directional Surveys and Fault Surface Maps Vertical Separation—Correction Factor and Documentation

Chapter 8. Structure Maps

Introduction Guidelines to Contouring Summary of the Methods of Contouring by Hand Contouring Faulted Surfaces Manual Integration of Fault and Structure Maps Fault Traces and Gaps—Shortcuts and Pitfalls Structure Map—Generic Case Study The Additive Property of Faults Integration of Seismic and Well Data for Structure Mapping Other Mapping Techniques Application of Contour Compatibility Across Faults Mapping Techniques for Various Tectonic Habitats Requirements For a Reasonable Structural Interpretation and Completed Maps Perched Water

Chapter 9. Interpretation of Three-Dimensional Seismic Data

Introduction and Philosophy Planning an Effective Three-Dimensional Interpretation Project Fault Interpretation Horizon Interpretation Structure Mapping Depth Conversion Conclusion

Chapter 10. Compressional Structures: Balancing and Interpretation

Introduction Structural Geology and Balancing Mechanical Stratigraphy Classical Balancing Techniques Computer-Aided Structural Modeling and Balancing Locating Thrust Faults on Dip and Strike Lines Cross-Section Consistency Cross-Section Construction Depth-To-Detachment Calculations Nonclassical Methods

Chapter 11. Extensional Structures: Balancing and Interpretation

Chapter 12. Strike-Slip Faults and Associated Structures

Introduction Mapping Strike-Slip Faults Criteria for Strike-Slip Faulting Analysis of Lateral Displacements Scaling Factors for Strike-Slip Displacements Balancing Strike-Slip Faults Summary for Section General Conclusions for Chapter 12

Chapter 13. Growth Structures

Introduction Multiple Bischke Plot Analysis and ∆d/d Methods Accuracy of Method Examples of the ∆d/d Method The Multiple Bischke Plot Analysis Vertical Separation Versus Depth Method Conclusions

Chapter 14. Isochore and Isopach Maps

Introduction Sand–Shale Distribution Basic Construction of Isochore Maps Methods of Contouring the Hydrocarbon Wedge Vertical Thickness Determinations Vertical Thickness and Fluid Contacts in Deviated Wells Mapping the Top of Structure Versus the Top of Porosity Fault Wedges Nonsealing Faults Volumetric Configuration of a Reservoir Reservoir Volume Determinations From Isochore Maps Tilted Hydrocarbon/Water Contacts Introductory Reservoir Engineering Interval Isopach Maps

Appendix References Index Credits