Practical Electronics · Components and Techniques · Components and Techniques by Hughes, John M. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Preface

Who This Book Is For How This Book Is Organized Conventions Used in This Book

Safari® Books Online

How to Contact Us Endorsements Acknowledgments

1. Electrons in Motion

Atoms and Electrons Electric Charge and Current Current Flow in a Basic Circuit Ohm’s Law Power Resistance Example: Building a Voltage Divider Summary

2. Fasteners and Adhesives

Screws and Bolts

Screw and Bolt Sizes Screw and Bolt Drive Types Screw and Bolt Head Styles Selecting Screws and Bolts Washers Self-Tapping Screws

Rivets Adhesives and Bonding

Glues, Epoxies, and Solvents Working with Wood and Paper Working with Plastic Working with Metal Special-Purpose Adhesives

Summary

3. Tools

Screwdrivers Pliers Wire Cutters Wire Strippers Crimping Tools Socket and Hex Drivers Clamps Vises Rotary Tools Grinders Drills Drill Bits Taps and Dies Small Hand Saws Miniature Power Saws Specialty Metalworking Tools Tweezers Soldering Tools Magnifiers and Microscopes Workspaces Summary

4. Tool Techniques

Working with Fasteners

Screwdriver Sizes and Types Self-Tapping Screws Hex-Socket-Head Fasteners and Hex Wrenches Hex-Head Fasteners and Socket Wrenches Adjustable Wrenches Wrenches (Spanners) Rivets Dealing with Stubborn Fasteners

Solvents Torque Temperature Drilling and Grinding

Soldering and Desoldering

Solder Types Soldering Technique

Temperature Soldering Wires Soldering a PCB Soldering Defects

Desoldering Wires and Through-Hole Parts Surface-Mount Soldering Surface-Mount Desoldering

Cutting

Rod and Bar Stock Sheet Stock

Drilling

Selecting A Drill Size Drilling Speed Drilling Thin Sheet Stock Lubricants Punches and Pilot Holes Using a Step Drill Common Drilling Problems

Overheating Chatter Binding Walking Dull Drill Bits

Taps and Dies

Modification Cutting

Jeweler’s Saw Rotary Tool

Summary

5. Power Sources

Batteries

Battery Packages Primary Batteries

Alkaline Batteries Silver-Oxide Lithium Zinc-Air

Secondary Batteries

NiCad: Nickel-Cadmium NiMH: Nickel-Metal Hydride Li-ion: Lithium-Ion Lead-Acid

Miniature Button/Coin Batteries Battery Storage Considerations Using Batteries Battery Circuits Selecting Batteries

Power Supply Technology

Wall Plug-in DC Power Supplies Bench DC Power Supplies Modular and Internal DC Power Supplies

Photovoltaic Power Sources Fuses and Circuit Breakers

Fuses Circuit Breakers

Summary

6. Switches

One Switch, Multiple Circuits Switch Types

Toggle Rocker Slide Rotary Pushbutton Snap-Action

Slide and Rotary Switch Circuits Switch Selection Criteria Switch Caveats Summary

7. Connectors and Wiring

Wire and Cable

Wire Gauges Insulation Twisted Pairs Shielding Multi-Conductor Cables

Individual Conductors and Twisted Pairs Ribbon Cables Flex Cables

Stripping Wire Insulation

Connectors

Connector Termination

Terminal Blocks Insulation Displacement Connector Soldered Crimped

Connector Types

DB Connectors PCB Edge Connectors Pin Headers and Sockets 2.5 and 3.5 mm Jacks and Plugs USB Connectors Ethernet Connectors

Assembling Connectors

Soldered Terminals Crimped Terminals Connector Backshells IDC Connectors Ethernet Connectors

Summary

8. Passive Components

Tolerance Voltage, Power, and Temperature Packages Resistors

Physical Forms Fixed Resistors

Carbon Composition Carbon Film Metal Film Wire-Wound High-Power Packages Surface-Mounted Fixed Resistors

Variable Resistors

Rheostats Potentiometers Multi-Turn Potentiometers Surface-Mount Potentiometers

Special-Purpose Resistors

Temperature Sensitive Humidity Sensitive Light Sensitive

Resistor Markings

Capacitors

Capacitance Values Capacitor Types

Ceramic Electrolytic Plastic Film

Variable Capacitors Surface-Mount Capacitors

Chokes, Coils, and Transformers

Chokes Coils Variable Inductors Transformers Packages

Summary

9. Active Components

How to Read a Datasheet

Datasheet Organization Datasheet Walk-Through Collecting Datasheets

Electrostatic Discharge Packaging Overview

Through-Hole Parts Surface-Mount Parts Using Different Package Types

Diodes and Rectifiers

Small-Signal Diodes Rectifiers Light-Emitting Diodes Zener Diodes Exotic Diodes Diode/Rectifier Axial Package Types Diode/Rectifier Surface-Mount Packages LED Package Types

Transistors

Small-Signal Transistors Power Transistors Field-Effect Transistors Conventional Transistor Package Types Surface-Mount Transistor Package Types

SCR and TRIAC Devices

Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers TRIACs

Heatsinks Integrated Circuits

Conventional IC Package Types Surface-Mount IC Package Types High-Current and Voltage Regulation ICs

Summary

10. Relays

Relay Background

Armature Relays Reed Relays Contactor

Relay Packages

PCB Relays Lug-Terminal Relays Socketed Relays

Selecting a Relay Relay Reliability Issues

Contact Arcing Coil Overheating Relay Bounce

Relay Applications

Controlling Relays with Low-Voltage Logic Signal Switching Power Switching Relay Logic

Summary

11. Logic

Logic Basics Origin of Logic ICs Logic Families Logic Building Blocks: 4000 and 7400 ICs

Closing the TTL and CMOS gap 4000 Series CMOS Logic Devices 7400 Series TTL Logic Devices CMOS and TTL Applications

Programmable Logic Devices Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

Programming a Microcontroller Types of Microcontrollers Selecting a Microcontroller

Working with Logic Components

Probing and Measuring Tips, Hints, and Cautions

Selecting Logic Devices Physical Mounting and Handling Electrical Considerations

Electrostatic Discharge Control

Summary

12. Discrete Control Interfaces

The Discrete Interface

Discrete Interface Applications Hacking a Discrete Interface

Discrete Inputs

Using a Pull-Up or a Pull-Down Resistor Using Active Input Buffering Using Relays with Inputs Optical Isolators

Discrete Outputs

Current Sinking and Sourcing Buffering Discrete Outputs Simple One-Transistor Buffer

Logic-Level Translation

The BSS138 FET The TXB0108 The NTB0101

Components Summary

13. Analog Interfaces

Interfacing with an Analog World

From Analog to Digital and Back Again Analog-to-Digital Converters Digital-to-Analog Converters

Hacking Analog Signals Summary

14. Data Communication Interfaces

Basic Digital Communications Concepts

Serial and Parallel Synchronous and Asynchronous

SPI and I2C

SPI I2C A Brief Survey of SPI and I2C Peripheral Devices

Discrete I/O ADC and DAC Devices Memory Displays Other Peripherals

RS-232

RS-232 Signals DTE and DCE Handshaking RS-232 Components

RS-485

RS-485 Signals Line Drivers and Receivers RS-485 Multi-Drop RS-485 Components

RS-232 vs. RS-485 USB

USB Terminology USB Connections USB Classes USB Data Rates USB Hubs Device Configuration USB Endpoints and Pipes Device Control USB Interface Components USB Hacking

Ethernet Network Communications

Ethernet Basics Ethernet ICs, Modules, and USB Convertors

Wireless Communications

Bandwidth and Modulation The ISM Radio Bands 2.45 GHz Short-Range 802.11 Bluetooth® Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Zigbee

Other Data Communications Methods Summary

15. Printed Circuit Boards

PCB History PCB Basics

Pads, Vias, and Traces Surface-Mount Components Fabrication

PCB Layout

Determine Dimensions Arrange Parts Place Components Route Traces on the Solder Side Route Traces on the Component Side Create the Silkscreen Generate Gerber Files

Fabricating a PCB PCB Guidelines

Layout Grid Grid Spacing Location Reference Trace Width for Signals Trace Width for Power Trace Separation Via Size Via Separation Pad Size Sharp Corners Silkscreen

Summary

16. Packaging

The Importance of Packaging Types of Packaging

Plastic Metal

Stock Enclosures

Plastic Enclosures Cast Aluminum Enclosures Extruded Aluminum Enclosures Sheet Metal Enclosures

Building or Recycling Enclosures

Building Plastic and Wood Enclosures Unconventional Enclosures Repurposing Existing Enclosures

Designing Packaging for Electronics

Device Size and Weight Environmental Considerations Thermal Considerations

Sources Summary

17. Test Equipment

Basic Test Equipment

Digital Multimeters Using a DMM Oscilloscopes How an Oscilloscope Works Using an Oscilloscope

Advanced Test Equipment

Pulse and Signal Generators Logic Analyzers

Buying Used and Surplus Equipment Summary

A. Essential Electronics and AC Circuits

Units of Measurement Voltage, Current, and Power

Voltage Current Power

Resistance

Conductivity and Resistance Ohm’s Law Series Resistance Networks Parallel Resistance Networks

Equivalent Circuits

Voltage and Current Sources Lumped-Parameter Elements Thévenin’s Theorem Equivalent Circuit Applications

AC Concepts

Waveforms Other Waveforms AC Frequency, Voltage, and Power AC Phase

Capacitance, Inductance, Reactance, and Impedance

Capacitors

Series and Parallel Capacitors Capacitive Coupling Capacitive Phase Shift RC Circuits RC Applications

Inductors

Series and Parallel Inductors Inductive Phase Shift Inductive Kick-Back

Impedance and Reactance

Reactance Impedance Passive Filtering

Solid-State Concepts

The P-N Junction Diodes and Rectifiers Special-Purpose Diodes

Zener Diode Avalanche Diode Photodiodes LEDs

Transistors

Bipolar Junction Transistors Field-Effect Transistors

Operational Amplifiers

Basic Op Amp Circuits Specialized Op Amps

Noise

Noise Sources AC Line Noise AC Ripple Spurious Noise RF Noise and RFI

Recommended Reading and Further Exploration

B. Schematics

Wires and Current Paths Common Schematic Symbols Schematic Capture and EDA Tools

Open Source and Commercial Tools for Schematic Capture

EAGLE gEDA KiCad Visio XCircuit

Other Open Source Schematic Capture Tools

C. Bibliography

Electronics Theory Engineering and Design Topics Interfaces Construction Techniques and Projects Hands-On Learning Instrumentation Microcontrollers Printed Circuit Boards

D. Resources

Software

Open Source Schematic Capture Tools CAE Software Tools PCB Layout Tools

Hardware, Components, and Tools

Electronic Component Manufacturers Electronics Distributors (USA) Discount and Surplus Electronics Mechanical Parts and Hardware (Screws, Nuts, Bolts) Microcontrollers, Kits, Parts, and Supplies Electronic Enclosures and Chassis Tools Test Equipment

Printed Circuit Board Supplies and Fabricators

Prototype and Fast-Turnaround Fabricators PCB Kit Sources

eBay Other Sources Datasheets, Application Notes, and Manuals

Datasheets Application Notes Manuals

E. Components Lists

Controllers

8-Bit Microcontrollers 16-Bit Microcontrollers 32-Bit Microcontrollers

Memory

Serial Interface EEPROM ICs Serial Interface SRAM ICs Serial Interface Flash ICs

Logic

4000 Series CMOS Logic 7400 Series TTL Logic

Interface Components

Serial Interface ADC Devices Serial Interface DAC Devices Serial Interface Discrete I/O Expansion ICs Relay Drivers SPI Display Modules Various SPI/I2C Peripheral Devices

Translation

Interface-Level Translators

Data Communications Components

RS-232 Interface ICs RS-232 UART ICs RS-485 Transceiver ICs USB Interface ICs Ethernet Interface ICs 802.11b/g Ethernet Interface Modules Bluetooth Modules Bluetooth Low-Energy Components Bluetooth Low-Energy Modules ZigBee Modules

Glossary Index

← Prev
Back
Next →

← Prev
Back
Next →