Heat Pump Systems With Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger and Uncovered Solar Thermal Collectors by Bertram, Erik -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Page Acknowledgements Abstract Kurzfassung Table of Contents Nomenclature 1 Introduction

1.1 Motivation 1.2 Scope 1.3 Publication list

2 Basics

2.1 Electrical Heat Pump

2.1.1 Working Principle 2.1.2 Mathematical Model 2.1.3 Model Parameters

2.2 Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger

2.2.1 Working Principle 2.2.2 Minimum Inlet Temperature 2.2.3 Mathematical Description 2.2.4 Dimensioning of the Ground heat exchanger length 2.2.5 Separation in Solar Long-term and Short-term Effects 2.2.6 Long-term influence of Solar Regeneration 2.2.7 Short Term Validation of Simulation Model

2.3 Uncovered Solar Thermal Collector

2.4 Figures for System Characterisation

3 Combined Ground and Solar Heat Source

3.1 System Classification 3.2 Literature Introduction 3.3 Temperature Potential of Combined Heat Sources

3.3.1 Temperature Potential for a Heat Source 3.3.2 Maximum Temperature of Ground and Uncovered Solar Collector 3.3.3 Temperature Potential Tx for Strasbourg (tm2 Data) 3.3.4 Six Locations in Europe 3.3.5 Different Collectors Types 3.3.6 Discussion

4 System Model

4.1 Simulation Setup and Reference Conditions

4.1.1 Reference Framework 4.1.2 Reference Data Check 4.1.3 Locations Outside the Reference Framework 4.1.4 Dimensioning of the Heat Pump

4.2 Hydronic System Description

4.2.1 Hot (Condenser) Side 4.2.2 Cold (Evaporator) Side 4.2.3 Combination of Hot and Cold Side Variations

4.3 Component and System Models

4.3.1 Applied Models, TRNSYS Versions and Simulation Methodology 4.3.2 Plausibility and Balances

5 Transient System Simulation Results

5.1 Solar Hot (Condenser) Side Integration 5.2 Solar Cold (Evaporator) side Integration

5.2.1 Seasonal Performance and Minimum Temperatures 5.2.2 System Concepts 5.2.3 Uncovered Collector and Even Ground Balance 5.2.4 Distribution of Temperatures 5.2.5 Shortening the Ground Heat Exchanger

5.3 Sensitivity Analysis

5.3.1 Introduction 5.3.2 GHX Model 5.3.3 Ground Temperature Limit 5.3.4 Location Parameters 5.3.5 GHX core 5.3.6 Ground heat exchanger 5.3.7 Heat Pump 5.3.8 Discussion of Sensitivity Analysis

5.4 Further Systems

6 System Measurements

6.1 Systems Measured

6.1.1 Description 6.1.2 Measurement Results

6.2 Collector Yield Prediction with Utilizability Method

6.2.1 Introduction of the Utilizability Method 6.2.2 Motivation for Modification of Utilizability Method 6.2.3 Modified Utilizability Method 6.2.4 Obtaining the Required Data 6.2.5 Validation of Utilizability Method

7 Planning

7.1 Adjacent Systems in Residential Areas 7.2 Fully Regenerated Ground Heat Exchangers

7.3 Practical Advice for Planning

8 Summary and Conclusion Appendix A Performance Data of Uncovered Collectors Appendix B Collector Performance Calculation Appendix C Calculation of Auxiliary Consumers Appendix D Utilizability Data

D.1 System Limburg D.2 System Klein Köris D.3 System Dreieich

Appendix E Parameters in TRNSYS Ground Heat Exchanger Model Appendix F Seasonal Temperature Response Matrix References