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Index
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction: It’s About More Than Liberty
Part One: The Confidence of Youth (1830–1880)
1 Historical Setting in the 1830s: Thrown into a World of Ceaseless Change
2 Guiding Thoughts from Founding Thinkers: Conflict, Resistance, Progress, and Respect
i. Humboldt and Constant: Releasing People’s Capacities and Respecting Their Privacy
ii. Guizot: Taming Conflict without Arbitrary Power
iii. Tocqueville and Schulze-Delitzsch: The Modern Powers of Mass Democracy and Mass Markets
iv. Chadwick and Cobden: Governments and Markets as Engines of Social Progress
v. Smiles and Channing: Personal Progress as Self-Reliance or Moral Uplift
vi. Spencer: Liberalism Mistaken for Biology
vii. J. S. Mill: Holding Liberalism’s Ideas Together
3 Liberalism in Practice: Four Exemplary Politicians
i. Lincoln: The Many Uses of “Liberty” in the Land of Liberty
ii. Laboulaye and Richter: Tests for Liberals in Semiliberal Regimes
iii. Gladstone: Liberalism’s Capaciousness and the Politics of Balance
4 The Nineteenth-Century Legacy: Liberalism without Caricature
i. Respect, “the Individual,” and the Lessons of Toleration
ii. The Achievements That Gave Liberals Confidence
Part Two: Liberalism in Maturity and the Struggle with Democracy (1880–1945)
5 Historical Setting in the 1880s: The World Liberals Were Making
6 The Compromises That Gave Us Liberal Democracy
i. Political Democracy: Liberal Resistance to Suffrage Extension
ii. Economic Democracy: The “New Liberalism” and Novel Tasks for the State
iii. Ethical Democracy: Letting Go Ethically and the Persistence of Intolerance
7 The Economic Powers of the Modern State and Modern Market
i. Walras, Marshall, and the Business Press: Resisting the State on Behalf of Markets
ii. Hobhouse, Naumann, Croly, and Bourgeois: Resisting Markets on Behalf of Society
8 Damaged Ideals and Broken Dreams
i. Chamberlain and Bassermann: Liberal Imperialism
ii. Lloyd George, Clemenceau, and Wilson: Liberal Hawks of 1914–1918
iii. Alain, Baldwin, and Brandeis: Liberal Dissent and the Warfare State
iv. Stresemann: Liberal Democracy in Peril
v. Keynes, Fisher, and Hayek (i): Liberal Economists in the Slump
vi. Hoover and Roosevelt: Forgotten Liberal and Foremost Liberal
9 Thinking about Liberalism in the 1930s–1940s
i. Lippmann and Hayek (ii): Liberals as Antitotalitarians
ii. Popper: Liberalism as Openness and Experiment
Part Three: Second Chance and Success (1945–1989)
10 Historical Setting after 1945: Liberal Democracy’s New Start
11 New Foundations: Rights, a Democratic Rule of Law, and Welfare
i. Drafters of the 1948 Declaration of Human Rights: Liberal Democracy Goes Global
ii. German Postwar Liberals: The 1949 Basic Law as Liberal Democracy’s Exemplary Charter
iii. Beveridge: Liberalism and Welfare
12 Liberal Thinking after 1945
i. Oakeshott and Berlin: Letting Politics Alone and “Negative” Liberty
ii. Hayek (iii): Political Antipolitics
iii. Orwell, Camus, and Sartre: Liberals in the Cold War
iv. Rawls: Justifying Liberalism
v. Nozick, Dworkin, and MacIntyre: Responses to Rawls, Rights, and Community
13 The Breadth of Liberal Politics in the 1950s–1980s
i. Mendès-France, Brandt, and Johnson: Left Liberalism in the 1950s–1960s
ii. Buchanan and Friedman: Liberal Economists Against the State
iii. Thatcher, Reagan, Mitterrand, and Kohl: Right Liberalism in the 1970s–1980s
Part Four: After 1989
Coda Liberal Dreams in the Twenty-First Century
Works Consulted
Name Index
Subject Index
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