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Index
Cover
About The Book
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface,
1 Background And History
Hybridization
The Birth of Genetics
The Gene
The Process of Genetic Engineering
Concerns about rDNA Research
History of rDNA Regulation
Breakthroughs in rDNA Research
Types of Genetically Modified Plants
Genetically Modified Animals
Conclusion
References
2 Problems, Controversies, And Solutions
Opposition to Genetically Modified Foods
Public Opinion on Genetically Modified Foods in the United States
Public Opinion about Genetically Modified Foods in Europe
Regulation of Genetically Modified Crops and Foods in the European Union
The Cartagena Protocol
A Shift in Emphasis
Current Status of Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms in Europe
A Shift in Emphasis: European Regulations on Labeling
Regulation of Genetically Modified Products throughout the World
Genetically Modified Crops and Foods: Pro and Con
Potential Benefits to the Agricultural System
Potential Benefits to Human Health
Potential Benefits to the Natural Environment
Potential Harm to Human Health
Potential Harm to the Natural Environment
Potential Social and Economic Harm
Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods in the United States
Pros and Cons of Labeling
Conclusion
References
3 Perspectives
Introduction
A Sledgehammer or a Dart?: Sandy Becker
Genetic Engineering in Agriculture: Uncertainties and Risks: Debal Deb
Uncertainties in Genetic Engineering
The Precautionary Principle
Conclusions
References
The U.S. Government Should Not Require Genetically Modified Food Labels: Phill Jones
Mandatory Genetically Modified Food Labels Would Incorrectly Indicate a Risk
Mandatory Genetically Modified Food Labels Would Increase the Cost of Food
References
Health Problems Linked to Genetically Modified Crops: Rashmi Nemade
Herbicides, Pesticides (human-cides?)
References
Genetically Modified Organisms: Tony Owen
Genetically Modified Foods in Developing Countries: Santosh Pandey
References
Genetically Modified Crops in Africa: Fear of the Unknown?: Elizabeth Shoo
References
Accepting Genetically Modified Crops in India: Sweta
Genetically Modified Crops: Possible Risks
A Growing World Demands New Food Technology: Susan Young
References
4 Profiles
Introduction
American Academy of Environmental Medicine
Biological Regulatory Services
Biotechnology Industry Organization
José Bové (1953–)
Herbert Boyer (1936–)
Canadian Biotechnology Action Network
Center for Food Safety
Mary-Dell Chilton (1939–)
Stanley N. Cohen (1935–)
Council for Biotechnology Information
CropGen
Food & Water Watch
Robert T. Fraley (1953–)
John E. Franz (1929–)
Dennis Gonsalves (1943–)
Greenpeace International
Greenpeace United States
Institute for Responsible Technology
International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications
John D. Kemp (1940–)
Steve Lindow (1951–)
Mark Lynas (1973–)
Monsanto
Non-GMO Project
Organic Consumers Association
Ingo Potrykus (1933–)
Maxine Singer (1931–)
Marc van Montagu (1933–)
World Health Organization
5 Data And Documents
Introduction
Data
Table 5.1 Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States, 2000–2013
Table 5.2 Laws and Regulations on Genetically Modified Crops and Foods
Table 5.3 Characteristics of Permits on Genetically Modified Crops Issued by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Table 5.4 Trends in Approved Phenotype Releases in the United States, 1987–2012
Table 5.5 Global Farm Income Benefits from Growing Genetically Modified Crops, 1996–2011
Table 5.6 Genetically Modified Crop Farm Income Benefits of 1996–2011: Selected Countries
Table 5.7 Genetically Modified Crop Farm Income Benefits of 2011: Developing versus Developed Countries
Documents
Plant Patent Act of 1930
Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. (1980)
Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology (1986)
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000)
Guidance for Industry: Voluntary Labeling Indicating Whether Foods Have or Have Not Been Developed Using Bioengineering (2001)
Regulation of Genetically Modified Foods by the European Union (2003)
Mendocino County (California) Ban on Genetically Modified Crops (2004)
The Safety of Genetically Modified Foods, GAO Report (2002)
Invoking of Preemption (North Dakota, SB2277; 2005)
Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms, 561 U.S. ___ (2010)
Proposition 37. Genetically Engineered Foods. Labeling. Initiative Statute (2012)
Bowman v. Monsanto, et al. 569 U.S. 11-796 (2013)
H. R. 1699 (2013)
Raised Bill No. 6519, State of Connecticut (2013)
6 Resources For Further Research
Books
Articles
Reports
Internet Sources
7 Chronology
Glossary
Index
About the Author
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