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Index
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents Page
Introduction
How to Use This Book
What Does This Book Mean by “Perfect Grammar”?
1.0 GENERAL PRINCIPLES
2.0 COMPOSITION
2.1 A Few Words of Advice
2.2 Getting Started
2.2.1 Write for the Correct Audience
2.2.2 Opening Sentences
2.3 Paragraph Structure
2.3.1 Paragraph Topic
2.3.2 Body and Supporting Sentences
2.3.3 Number of Sentences in a Paragraph
2.3.4 Conclusion
2.4 Example Paragraphs
2.5 The Five-Paragraph Essay
2.6 Transitions and Coherence
2.7 Common Essay Mistakes to Avoid
2.8 Editing
3.0 PARTS OF SPEECH DEFINED
4.0 SPELLING AND FORMATTING
4.1 Improve Your Spelling
4.2 Common Spelling Errors
4.2.1 British Spelling versus American Spelling
4.2.2 Homophone Spelling Errors
4.3 Common Spelling Rules
4.3.1 I before E
4.3.2 Adding a Suffix and Dropping the E
4.3.3 Adding Suffixes to Words Ending in Y
4.3.4 Double the Final Consonant When Adding Suffixes
4.4 Affixes
4.4.1 Inflected Endings
4.4.2 Derivational Suffixes
4.4.3 Infixes
4.4.4 Common Prefixes
4.4.5 Common Suffixes
4.5 Contractions
4.5.1 It’s and It’d
4.5.2 Old-Fashioned Contractions
4.5.3 Y’all
4.5.4 Let’s
4.6 Proper Nouns that End in S
4.7 Common Possessive Mistakes to Avoid
4.7.1 Its versus It’s
4.8 Dates
4.8.1 Date Abbreviations
4.8.2 Decades and Years
4.8.3 Time and the Clock
4.8.4 Idiomatic Time Measurements
4.9 Numbers
4.9.1 Partial Numbers
4.9.2 Writing Numbers
4.9.3 Percentages as Numbers
4.9.4 Numbers that Start Sentences
4.9.5 Place Punctuation in Numbers
4.9.6 Saying Numbers as Words
4.9.7 Zero versus Oh
4.9.8 Saying Phone Numbers
4.9.9 Writing Amounts of Money
5.0 SENTENCE STRUCTURE
5.1 Subjects and Predicates
5.2 Subject-Verb Agreement
5.3 Objects
5.4 Clauses
5.5 Subordinators
5.6 Phrases
5.6.1 Noun Phrases
5.6.2 Verb Phrases
5.6.3 Prepositional Phrases
5.6.4 Absolute Phrases
5.7 Complements
6.0 VERBS
6.1 Person
6.2 Number
6.3 Aspect
6.4 Tense
6.4.1 Past Tense
6.4.2 Present Tense
6.4.3 Future Tense
6.5 Mood
6.6 Voice
6.7 Conjugating Verbs
6.7.1 Now
6.7.2 In the Past
6.7.3 Continuous Action
6.8 Action Verbs
6.9 Linking Verbs
6.10 Auxiliary Verbs
6.11 Modal Verbs
6.11.1 Multiple Modals
6.12 Irregular Verb Inflections
6.13 Lay versus Lie
6.14 Gotten
6.15 Brung
6.16 Writing with Consistent Tenses
6.16.1 Choosing Your Tense
6.17 Phrasal Verbs
7.0 DETERMINERS
8.0 NOUNS
8.1 Compound Nouns
8.2 Possessives
8.3 Collective Nouns
8.3.1 Fun Collective Nouns
8.4 Count Nouns and Non-Count Nouns
8.5 Definite and Indefinite Articles with Nouns
8.5.1 An Historic versus A Historic
8.6 Plurals
8.6.1 Plurals of Some Greek and Latin Words
8.6.2 Words Ending in O
8.6.3 Words with No Singular or No Plural
8.6.4 Words that Look Plural But Aren’t
8.6.5 Apostrophes Don’t Make Words Plural
8.6.6 Plurals of Some Compound Nouns
8.6.7 Common Problems with Plurals
8.6.8 Plural of Data
8.7 Proper Nouns
8.8 Definite Article and Proper Nouns
8.8.1 Common Problems with Proper Nouns
8.9 Nouns into Verbs
9.0 ABBREVIATIONS
9.1 Initialisms
9.2 Acronyms
9.3 Shortening and Clipping
9.4 Blends and Portmanteaus
9.5 Pluralizing Acronyms and Initialisms
10.0 PRONOUNS
10.1 Subject Pronouns
10.2 Object Pronouns
10.3 Possessive Adjectives
10.4 Possessive Pronouns
10.5 Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
10.5.1 Reflexive Pronouns
10.5.2 Intensive Pronouns
10.6 Relative Pronouns
10.7 Demonstrative Pronouns and Adjectives
10.8 Interrogative Pronouns
10.9 Whom versus Who
10.10 Subject Pronouns versus Object Pronouns in Some Situations
10.11 Pronouns and Indeterminate Gender
10.12 Weather It, Expletive It, and the Dummy Subject
11.0 ADJECTIVES
11.1 Adjective Order
11.2 Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
11.3 Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives
11.4 Proper Adjectives
11.5 Compound Adjectives
11.6 Indefinite Adjectives
12.0 ADVERBS
12.1 Conjunctive Adverbs
12.2 Sentence Adverbs
13.0 PREPOSITIONS
13.1 Common Prepositions
14.0 CONJUNCTIONS
14.1 Coordinating Conjunctions
14.2 Correlative Conjunctions
14.3 Subordinating Conjunctions
15.0 INTERJECTIONS
15.1 Common Interjections
16.0 PUNCTUATION
16.1 Period
16.2 Comma
16.2.1 Commas and Independent Clauses
16.2.2 Commas and Introductory Clauses
16.2.3 Commas and Interjections
16.2.4 Commas and Vocative Uses
16.2.5 Commas and Nonessential Ideas
16.2.6 Commas and Essential Ideas
16.2.7 Commas and Series
16.2.8 Commas and Adjectives
16.2.9 Commas and Descriptions
16.2.10 Commas that Set Off Names and Dates
16.2.11 Commas and Dialog
16.2.12 Common Mistakes with Commas
16.3 Question Mark
16.4 Exclamation Mark
16.5 Colon
16.6 Semicolon
16.7 Hyphen
16.8 Dash
16.8.1 En Dash
16.8.2 Em Dash
16.9 Apostrophe
16.10 Quotation Marks
16.11 Parentheses and Brackets
17.0 MORE USAGE AND STYLE
17.1 Avoiding Adverbs
17.2 Bored Of versus Bored By versus Bored With
17.3 Can versus May
17.4 Capital Letters
17.5 Clichés
17.6 Conjunctions at the Beginning of a Sentence
17.7 Dangling Modifiers
17.8 Double Negatives
17.9 Funner and Funnest
17.10 Go Missing
17.11 Misplaced Modifiers
17.12 On Accident versus By Accident
17.13 Or and Nor
17.14 Repetition
17.15 Shall versus Will
17.16 Spaces after a Period
17.17 That versus Which
17.18 There Is versus There Are
17.19 Well versus Good
17.20 Wordiness
17.21 Y’all, You Guys, and Genderless Guy
Glossary
Further Reading
About the Author
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