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Index
Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1 Criminal Justice Perspectives
Social Control
Types of Social Control Criminal Justice as Social Control
Perspectives on Criminal Justice
Criminal Justice Theory Multidisciplinary Nature of Criminal Justice
Systems Theory and the Systems Approach
Types of Systems
The Environment of Criminal Justice
The Material Environment of Criminal Justice The Ideological Environment of Criminal Justice
Careers
Policing Courts Corrections
Academic Criminal Justice Examining Criminal Justice Preview of Forthcoming Chapters Review Questions References
Chapter 2 The Justice Process
The Decision Points of the Criminal Justice System
Detection Investigation Arrest Initial appearance Charging Arraignment Trial Sentencing Revocation Discharge
The Total Criminal Justice System
Drunk Driving Homeland Security The War on Drugs Domestic Violence Arrest Policies
The Components of Criminal Justice
Law Enforcement Courts Corrections
Systems and Criminal Justice Structure Review Questions References
Chapter 3 Crime and Crime Control
Defining Crime Classification of Crimes and Criminals Defining Criminals
Criminal Careers versus Career Criminals
Controlling Crime and Criminals
Law Enforcement Programs Court Programs Corrections Programs
A New Direction for Crime Control Crime Control in General Review Questions References
Chapter 4 Counting Crimes and Criminals
The Need for Numbers The Impact of Ignorance Official Statistics
The Uniform Crime Reports Other Official Statistics
Unofficial Statistics
Victim Surveys Self-Reports Other Measures of Crime and Criminal Justice
Summary of Crime Statistics Discrimination in the Justice System Understanding the Justice System Criminal Justice in a Democracy Review Questions References
Chapter 5 Police and Policing
The Development of American Policing
Law Enforcement in England The Colonial and Early American Experience The American Police
The Functions of Police
The Police as a Human Services Agency The Police as a Crime Control Agency The Police as a Peacekeeping Agency
Community Policing: A Revised Role for the Police Counterterrorism and Homeland Security The Structure of American Policing Understanding Police
Police and Communities Police Organizations Selection of Police Officers Police Personalities and Subculture Police Officer Stress
Policing in the Whole System Review Questions References
Chapter 6 Law Enforcement in the Criminal Justice System
Detection Investigation
Search Interrogation Other Investigatory Practices
Arrest Due Process, Crime Control, and the Police Issues in Law Enforcement
Corruption Use of Force
Theory and the Police Review Questions References Important Cases
Chapter 7 The Criminal Courts
The Organization of American Courts
Federal Courts State Courts Problem-Solving courts
The Development of American Courts The Functions of Courts The Criminal Court Process
Initial Appearance Preliminary Hearing Formal Charging Arraignment Trial
Theory and the Courts Due Process, Crime Control, and the Courts Review Questions References Important Cases
Chapter 8 People and Problems in the Courts
Defence Attorneys Prosecutors Judges Jurors Issues in the Criminal Courts
Speedy Trial The Courtroom Work Group Free Press and Fair Trial Court Specialization Plea Bargaining Additional Issues in the Courts
The Criminal Courts in the Whole System Review Questions References Important Cases
Chapter 9 Sentencing: The Goals and Process of Punishment
The Purposes of Punishment Sentencing Structures in the United States Sentencing in the Justice System
Presentence Investigation The Sentencing Hearing The Parole Hearing
Conditions of Sentence
Probation Incarceration
Issues in Sentencing
Disparity Corporal and Capital Punishment Using Time as a Penalty: Truth in Sentencing Intermediate Sanctions
Theory and Sentencing Due Process, Crime Control, and Sentencing in the Whole System Review Questions References Important Cases
Chapter 10 Incarceration
The Origins of American Incarceration
The Congregate/Segregate System Debate The Changing Purposes of Prisons
The Organization of American Incarceration Jail Organization
Prison Organization
Doing Time
Deprivation of Liberty Deprivation of Goods and Services Deprivation of Heterosexual Relations Deprivation of Autonomy Deprivation of Security
Correctional Officers: The Other Inmates Incarceration in the Criminal Justice System Prisoners’ Rights
First Amendment Protections Eighth Amendment Protections Fourteenth Amendment Protections Legal Issues in Incarceration
Due Process, Crime Control, and Incarceration Review Questions References Important Cases
Chapter 11 Problems and Issues in Incarceration
Privatization
Legal and Ethical Issues of Privatization Effectiveness of Private Prisons
Crowding Prison Industries Prison Violence
Interpersonal Assaults and Homicide Sexual Assaults and Violence Riots
Continuing Pressures on Incarceration Incarceration in the Total System Theory and Incarceration Review Questions References Important Case
Chapter 12 Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections
The Origins of Community Supervision The Organization of Community Supervision: Probation and Parole Other Forms of Community Supervision
Halfway Houses Community Service Programs Furlough Programs Work and Educational Release Programs Home Incarceration Diversion
Being on Paper
Supervision Conditions Client Perspectives Officer Perspectives
Offender Rights in Community Supervision Community Supervision in the Whole System Review Questions References Important Cases
Chapter 13 Issues in Community Supervision
Does Community Supervision Work?
Controlling Risk Reducing Incarceration and Costs Matching Punishments with Offenders
Shock Incarceration Intensive Supervision Electronic Monitoring Day Reporting and Other Sanctions Issues in Community Supervision
Financing Management Technology
Theory and Community Supervision Due Process, Crime Control, and Community Supervision Review Questions References
Chapter 14 The Juvenile Justice System
Defining Delinquency Measuring the Scope of the Problem
Official Records Self-Reports of Delinquency Comparing the Delinquency Measures
Gang Delinquency
Defining Gangs The Extent of Gang Deviance Why Do Youths Join Gangs? Gang Activity Responding to Gangs
The History of Juvenile Justice The Philosophy of the Juvenile Justice System The Juvenile Court Process
The Detention Decision The Intake Decision The Prosecutor’s Role The Waiver Decision Adjudication and Disposition Attorneys in the Juvenile Courtroom Jury Trials for Juveniles
Issues in Juvenile Justice
The Emphasis on Punitiveness Constitutional Limitations of Punishment Jurisdiction over Status Offenses
The Future of Juvenile Justice
Developmental Approach Evidence-Based Practices Reemphasizing Juvenile Court Restorative Justice
Due Process, Crime Control, and the Juvenile Justice System Review Questions References Important Cases
Chapter 15 Discharge and Developments
Discharge Collateral Consequences of Conviction
Restoration of Rights
Recidivism
Defining Recidivism Recidivism and Criminal Justice Policy
Developments in Criminal Justice
Increased Federalism Private Justice
Due Process, Crime Control, and Private Justice Technological Justice
Technology and Criminal Justice in the Total System
Criminal Justice in the Early Twenty-First Century Criminal Justice Theory Revisited Criminal Justice: A Final Thought Review Questions References
Glossary Author Index Subject Index
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