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Index
6 Contents 10 INTRODUCTION 20 Eclipses of the Sun can be predicted Thales of Miletus 21 Now hear the fourfold roots of everything Empedocles 22 Measuring the circumference of Earth Eratosthenes 23 The human is related to the lower beings Al-Tusi 24 A floating object displaces its own volume in liquid Archimedes 26 The Sun is like fire, the Moon is like water Zhang Heng 28 Light travels in straight lines into our eyes Alhazen 34 At the center of everything is the Sun Nicolaus Copernicus 40 The orbit of every planet is an ellipse Johannes Kepler 42 A falling body accelerates uniformly Galileo Galilei 44 The globe of the Earth is a magnet William Gilbert 45 Not by arguing, but by trying Francis Bacon 46 Touching the spring of the air Robert Boyle 50 Is light a particle or a wave? Christiaan Huygens 52 The first observation of a transit of Venus Jeremiah Horrocks 53 Organisms develop in a series of steps Jan Swammerdam 54 All living things are composed of cells Robert Hooke 55 Layers of rock form on top of one another Nicolas Steno 56 Microscopic observations of animalcules Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 58 Measuring the speed of light Ole Rømer 60 One species never springs from the seed of another John Ray 62 Gravity affects everything in the universe Isaac Newton 74 Nature does not proceed by leaps and bounds Carl Linnaeus 76 The heat that disappears in the conversion of water into vapor is not lost Joseph Black 78 Inflammable air Henry Cavendish 80 Winds, as they come nearer the equator, become more easterly George Hadley 81 A strong current comes out of the Gulf of Florida Benjamin Franklin 82 Dephlogisticated air Joseph Priestley 84 In nature, nothing is created, nothing is lost, everything changes Antoine Lavoisier 85 The mass of a plant comes from the air Jan Ingenhousz 86 Discovering new planets William Herschel 88 The diminution of the velocity of light John Michell 90 Setting the electric fluid in motion Alessandro Volta 96 No vestige of a beginning and no prospect of an end James Hutton 102 The attraction of mountains Nevil Maskelyne 104 The mystery of nature in the structure and fertilization of flowers Christian Sprengel 105 Elements always combine the same way Joseph Proust 110 The experiments may be repeated with great ease when the Sun shines Thomas Young 112 Ascertaining the relative weights of ultimate particles John Dalton 114 The chemical effects produced by electricity Humphry Davy 115 Mapping the rocks of a nation William Smith 116 She knows to what tribe the bones belong Mary Anning 118 The inheritance of acquired characteristics Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 119 Every chemical compound has two parts Jöns Jakob Berzelius 120 The electric conflict is not restricted to the conducting wire Hans Christian Ørsted 121 One day, sir, you may tax it Michael Faraday 122 Heat penetrates every substance in the universe Joseph Fourier 124 The artificial production of organic substances from inorganic substances Friedrich Wöhler 126 Winds never blow in a straight line Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis 127 On the colored light of the binary stars Christian Doppler 128 The glacier was God’s great plough Louis Agassiz 130 Nature can be represented as one great whole Alexander von Humboldt 136 Light travels more slowly in water than in air Léon Foucault 138 Living force may be converted into heat James Joule 139 Statistical analysis of molecular movement Ludwig Boltzmann 140 Plastic is not what I meant to invent Leo Baekeland 142 I have called this principle natural selection Charles Darwin 150 Forecasting the weather Robert FitzRoy 156 Omne vivum ex vivo— all life from life Louis Pasteur 160 One of the snakes grabbed its own tail August Kekulé 166 The definitely expressed average proportion of three to one Gregor Mendel 172 An evolutionary link between birds and dinosaurs Thomas Henry Huxley 174 An apparent periodicity of properties Dmitri Mendeleev 180 Light and magnetism are affectations of the same substance James Clerk Maxwell 186 Rays were coming from the tube Wilhelm Röntgen 188 Seeing into the Earth Richard Dixon Oldham 190 Radiation is an atomic property of the elements Marie Curie 196 A contagious living fluid Martinus Beijerinck 202 Quanta are discrete packets of energy Max Planck 206 Now I know what the atom looks like Ernest Rutherford 214 Gravity is a distortion in the space-time continuum Albert Einstein 222 Earth’s drifting continents are giant pieces in an ever-changing jigsaw Alfred Wegener 224 Chromosomes play a role in heredity Thomas Hunt Morgan 226 Particles have wavelike properties Erwin Schrödinger 234 Uncertainty is inevitable Werner Heisenberg 236 The universe is big… and getting bigger Edwin Hubble 242 The radius of space began at zero Georges Lemaître 246 Every particle of matter has an antimatter counterpart Paul Dirac 248 There is an upper limit beyond which a collapsing stellar core becomes unstable Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 249 Life itself is a process of obtaining knowledge Konrad Lorenz 250 95 percent of the universe is missing Fritz Zwicky 252 A universal computing machine Alan Turing 254 The nature of the chemical bond Linus Pauling 260 An awesome power is locked inside the nucleus of an atom J. Robert Oppenheimer 270 We are made of stardust Fred Hoyle 271 Jumping genes Barbara McClintock 272 The strange theory of light and matter Richard Feynman 274 Life is not a miracle Harold Urey and Stanley Miller 276 We wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) James Watson and Francis Crick 284 Everything that can happen happens Hugh Everett III 286 A perfect game of tic-tac-toe Donald Michie 292 The unity of fundamental forces Sheldon Glashow 294 We are the cause of global warming Charles Keeling 296 The butterfly effect Edward Lorenz 298 A vacuum is not exactly nothing Peter Higgs 300 Symbiosis is everywhere Lynn Margulis 302 Quarks come in threes Murray Gell-Mann 308 A theory of everything? Gabriele Veneziano 314 Black holes evaporate Stephen Hawking 315 Earth and all its life forms make up a single living organism called Gaia James Lovelock 316 A cloud is made of billows upon billows Benoît Mandelbrot 317 A quantum model of computing Yuri Manin 318 Genes can move from species to species Michael Syvanen 320 The soccer ball can withstand a lot of pressure Harry Kroto 322 Insert genes into humans to cure disease William French Anderson 324 Designing new life forms on a computer screen Craig Venter 326 A new law of nature Ian Wilmut 327 Worlds beyond the solar system Geoffrey Marcy 328 DIRECTORY 340 GLOSSARY 344 INDEX 352 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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