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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Chapter 1: Bottom-Up: From Atoms to Concrete Structures
1.1. Introduction
1.2. A realistic molecular model for calcium-silicate-hydrates
1.2.1. Background
1.2.2. Molecular properties of C-S-H
1.2.3. From molecular properties to C-S-H microtexture
1.3. Probing C-S-H microtexture by nanoindentation
1.3.1. Does particle shape matter?
1.3.2. Implementation for back analysis of packing density distributions
1.3.3. Functionalized properties: nanogranular origin of concrete creep
1.4. Conclusions
1.5. Bibliography
Chapter 2: Poromechanics of Saturated Isotropic Nanoporous Materials
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Results from molecular simulations
2.3. Poromechanical model
2.3.1. Nomenclature and definitions
2.3.2. Effective pore pressure
2.3.3. Thermodynamical equilibrium condition
2.3.4. Constitutive equation of the effective pore pressure
2.3.5. Effect on the volumetric strain
2.3.6. Effect on the permeability
2.4. Adsorption-induced swelling and permeability change in nanoporous materials
2.4.1. Comparison with data by Day et al.
2.4.2. Comparison with data by Ottiger et al.
2.4.3. Variation of effective permeability
2.5. Discussion – interaction energy and entropy
2.6. Conclusions
2.7. Acknowledgments
2.8. Bibliography
Chapter 3: Stress-based Non-local Damage Model
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Non-local damage models
3.2.1. Continuum damage theory
3.2.2. Original integral non-local approach
3.2.3. Non-local integral method based on stress state
3.2.4. Numerical implementation
3.3. Initiation of failure
3.4. Bar under traction
3.4.1. Global behavior
3.4.2. Mechanical quantities in the FPZ
3.4.3. Crack opening estimation
3.5. Description of the cracking evolution in a 3PBT of a concrete notched beam
3.5.1. Global behavior
3.5.2. Cracking analysis
3.6. Conclusions
3.7. Acknowledgments
3.8. Bibliography
Chapter 4: Discretization of Higher Order Gradient Damage Models Using Isogeometric Finite Elements
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Isotropic damage formulation
4.2.1. Constitutive modeling
4.2.2. Implicit gradient damage formulation
4.3. Isogeometric finite elements
4.3.1. Univariate B-splines and NURBS
4.3.2. Multivariate B-splines and NURBS
4.3.3. Isogeometric finite-element discretization
4.4. Numerical simulations
4.4.1. One-dimensional rod loaded in tension
4.4.2. Three-point bending beam
4.5. Conclusions
4.6. Acknowledgments
4.7. Bibliography
Chapter 5: Macro and Mesoscale Models to Predict Concrete Failure and Size Effects
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Experimental procedure
5.2.1. Material, specimens and test rig descriptions
5.2.2. Experimental results
5.2.2.1. Half-notched specimens
5.2.2.2. Fifth-notched specimens
5.2.2.3. Unnotched specimens
5.2.3. Size effect analysis
5.2.3.1. First outcomes
5.2.3.2. Universal size effect law
5.3. Numerical simulations
5.3.1. Macroscale modeling
5.3.1.1. Constitutive model
5.3.1.2. Finite-element model and calibration of material properties
5.3.1.3. Capabilities of the identified model to reproduce size effect on other geometries and boundary effect
5.3.2. Mesoscale modeling approach
5.3.3. Analysis of three-point bending tests
5.3.3.1. Load–CMOD curves
5.3.3.2. Size effect analysis
5.3.3.3. Damage patterns and spatial distributions of dissipated energy densities
5.4. Conclusions
5.5. Acknowledgments
5.6. Bibliography
Chapter 6: Statistical Aspects of Quasi-Brittle Size Effect and Lifetime, with Consequences for Safety and Durability of Large Structures
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Type-I size effect derived from atomistic fracture mechanics
6.2.1. Strength distribution of one RVE
6.2.2. Size effect on mean structural strength
6.3. Size effect on structural lifetime
6.4. Consequences of ignoring Type-2 size effect
6.5. Conclusion
6.6. Acknowledgments
6.7. Bibliography
Chapter 7: Tertiary Creep: A Coupling Between Creep and Damage – Application to the Case of Radioactive Waste Disposal
7.1. Introduction to tertiary creep
7.2. Modeling of tertiary creep using a damage model coupled to creep
7.2.1. Creep model
7.2.2. Damage model
7.2.3. Coupling between damage and creep
7.3. Comparison with experimental results
7.4. Application to the case of nuclear waste disposal
7.4.1. Leaching of concrete
7.4.2. Coupled mechanical and chemical damage
7.4.3. Chemical damage
7.4.4. Example of application: creep coupled to leaching
7.4.5. Probabilistic effects
7.5. Conclusions
7.6. Bibliography
Chapter 8: Study of Damages and Risks Related to Complex Industrial Facilities
8.1. Context
8.2. Introduction to risk management
8.3. Case study: computation process
8.3.1. Identifying the owner’s issues
8.3.2. Simplifying the system
8.3.3. Choosing the best models
8.3.4. Defining the most realistic load boundaries
8.3.4.1. Operating loads
8.3.4.2. How can we assess extreme load during the crash?
8.4. Application
8.4.1. Deformed structure after impact
8.4.1.1. Impact at the mid-height of the cylinder
8.4.1.2. Impact at the mid-radius of the dome
8.4.2. Damage variables of concrete
8.4.2.1. Damages to cylinder
8.4.2.2. Damages to dome
8.4.3. Analysis of results
8.4.3.1. Impact analysis of aircraft crash at the mid-height of the cylinder
8.4.3.2. Impact analysis of aircraft crash at the mid-radius of the dome
8.5. Conclusion
8.6. Acknowledgment
8.7. Bibliography
Chapter 9: Measuring Earthquake Damages to a High-Strength Concrete Structure
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Overview of the selected testing methods
9.3. Two-storey HPC building
9.4. Inducing damage – pseudo-dynamic testing procedures
9.4.1. Input ground motion
9.4.2. Earthquake responses
9.5. Evaluating damage – forced vibration testing procedures
9.5.1. Frequency responses
9.6. Damage detection – analytical evaluation
9.6.1. Modal analysis
9.6.2. Finite-element model
9.6.3. Model updating
9.6.4. Regularization
9.6.5. Results
9.7. Summary and conclusions
9.8. Bibliography
List of Authors
Index
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