Shielded Metal Arc Welding by Hobart Institute -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Front Matter Table of Contents 1. Introduction to the Process

1.1 Methods of Application 1.2 Advantages and Limitations

1.1 Methods of Application 1.2 Advantages and Limitations 2. Principles of Operation

2.1 Arc Systems 2.2 Metal Transfer

2.1 Arc Systems 2.2 Metal Transfer 3. Equipment for Welding

3.1 Power Sources

3.1.1 Types of Current 3.1.2 Power Source Duty Cycle 3.1.3 Types of Power Sources

3.1.3.1 Generator and Alternator Welding Machines 3.1.3.2 Transformer Welding Machines 3.1.3.3 Transformer-Rectifier Welding Machines 3.1.3.4 Three Phase Rectifier Welding Machines 3.1.3.5 Inverter Power Sources

3.1.1 Types of Current 3.1.2 Power Source Duty Cycle 3.1.3 Types of Power Sources

3.2.1 Arc Force Control

3.2.1 Arc Force Control 3.3 Electrode Holder 3.4 Welding Cables 3.5 Accessories

3.1 Power Sources

3.1.1 Types of Current 3.1.2 Power Source Duty Cycle 3.1.3 Types of Power Sources

3.2.1 Arc Force Control

3.2.1 Arc Force Control 3.3 Electrode Holder 3.4 Welding Cables 3.5 Accessories 4. Covered Electrodes

4.1 Classification 4.2 Sizing 4.3 Selection of Electrode Class 4.4 Selection of Electrode Size 4.5 Conformances and Approvals

4.1 Classification 4.2 Sizing 4.3 Selection of Electrode Class 4.4 Selection of Electrode Size 4.5 Conformances and Approvals 5. Welding Applications

5.1 Industries

5.1.1 Field Welded Storage Tanks 5.1.2 Pressure Vessels 5.1.3 Industrial Piping 5.1.4 Transmission Pipelines 5.1.5 Nuclear Power Plants 5.1.6 Structures 5.1.7 Ships 5.1.8 Transportation 5.1.9 Industrial Machinery 5.2.10 Heavy Equipment 5.2.11 Miscellaneous 5.2.12 Maintenance and Repair

5.1 Industries

6.1 Labor Cost 6.2 Electrode Cost 6.3 Electric Power Cost 6.4 Example

6.1 Labor Cost 6.2 Electrode Cost 6.3 Electric Power Cost 6.4 Example 7. Welding Metallurgy

7.1 Properties of the Weld

7.1.1 Chemical Properties 7.1.2 Mechanical Properties 7.1.3 Microstructure

7.1.1 Chemical Properties 7.1.2 Mechanical Properties 7.1.3 Microstructure 7.2 Metals Weldable

7.2.1 Steels

7.2.1.1 Mild Steels 7.2.1.2 Low Alloy Steels 7.2.1.3 Heat Treatable Steels 7.2.1.4 Chromium-Molybdenum Steels 7.2.1.5 Stainless & Higher Chromium-Molybdenum Steels 7.2.1.6 Free Machining Steels

7.2.1.1 Mild Steels 7.2.1.2 Low Alloy Steels 7.2.1.3 Heat Treatable Steels 7.2.1.4 Chromium-Molybdenum Steels 7.2.1.5 Stainless & Higher Chromium-Molybdenum Steels 7.2.1.6 Free Machining Steels 7.2.2 Cast Irons

7.2.2.1 Gray Cast Iron 7.2.2.2 Nodular and Malleable Cast Irons

7.2.2.1 Gray Cast Iron 7.2.2.2 Nodular and Malleable Cast Irons 7.2.3 Copper and Copper Alloys 7.2.4 Nickel and Nickel Alloys

7.2.1 Steels

7.2.1.1 Mild Steels 7.2.1.2 Low Alloy Steels 7.2.1.3 Heat Treatable Steels 7.2.1.4 Chromium-Molybdenum Steels 7.2.1.5 Stainless & Higher Chromium-Molybdenum Steels 7.2.1.6 Free Machining Steels

7.2.2.1 Gray Cast Iron 7.2.2.2 Nodular and Malleable Cast Irons

7.2.2.1 Gray Cast Iron 7.2.2.2 Nodular and Malleable Cast Irons 7.2.3 Copper and Copper Alloys 7.2.4 Nickel and Nickel Alloys

7.1 Properties of the Weld

7.1.1 Chemical Properties 7.1.2 Mechanical Properties 7.1.3 Microstructure

7.1.1 Chemical Properties 7.1.2 Mechanical Properties 7.1.3 Microstructure 7.2 Metals Weldable

7.2.1 Steels

7.2.1.1 Mild Steels 7.2.1.2 Low Alloy Steels 7.2.1.3 Heat Treatable Steels 7.2.1.4 Chromium-Molybdenum Steels 7.2.1.5 Stainless & Higher Chromium-Molybdenum Steels 7.2.1.6 Free Machining Steels

7.2.2.1 Gray Cast Iron 7.2.2.2 Nodular and Malleable Cast Irons

7.2.2.1 Gray Cast Iron 7.2.2.2 Nodular and Malleable Cast Irons 7.2.3 Copper and Copper Alloys 7.2.4 Nickel and Nickel Alloys

7.2.1 Steels

7.2.1.1 Mild Steels 7.2.1.2 Low Alloy Steels 7.2.1.3 Heat Treatable Steels 7.2.1.4 Chromium-Molybdenum Steels 7.2.1.5 Stainless & Higher Chromium-Molybdenum Steels 7.2.1.6 Free Machining Steels

7.2.2.1 Gray Cast Iron 7.2.2.2 Nodular and Malleable Cast Irons

7.2.2.1 Gray Cast Iron 7.2.2.2 Nodular and Malleable Cast Irons 7.2.3 Copper and Copper Alloys 7.2.4 Nickel and Nickel Alloys 8. Weld and Joint Design

8.1 Strength 8.2 Position 8.3 Thickness 8.4 Accessibility

8.1 Strength 8.2 Position 8.3 Thickness 8.4 Accessibility 9. Welding Procedure Variables

9.1 Fixed Variables

9.1.1 Electrode 9.1.2 Electrode Size 9.1.3 Current Type

9.1.1 Electrode 9.1.2 Electrode Size 9.1.3 Current Type 9.2 Primary Variables

9.2.1 Welding Current 9.2.2 Travel Speed 9.2.3 Welding Voltage Arc Length

9.2.1 Welding Current 9.2.2 Travel Speed 9.2.3 Welding Voltage Arc Length 9.3 Secondary Variables

9.3.1 Electrode Angles

9.1 Fixed Variables

9.1.1 Electrode 9.1.2 Electrode Size 9.1.3 Current Type

9.1.1 Electrode 9.1.2 Electrode Size 9.1.3 Current Type 9.2 Primary Variables

9.2.1 Welding Current 9.2.2 Travel Speed 9.2.3 Welding Voltage Arc Length

9.2.1 Welding Current 9.2.2 Travel Speed 9.2.3 Welding Voltage Arc Length 9.3 Secondary Variables

9.3.1 Electrode Angles

9.3.1 Electrode Angles 10. Welding Procedure Schedules 11. Preweld Preparations

11.1 Preparing the Weld Joint 11.2 Fixturing and Positioning 11.3 Preheating

11.1 Preparing the Weld Joint 11.2 Fixturing and Positioning 11.3 Preheating 12. Welding Discontinuities and Defects

12.1 Defects Caused by Welding Technique

12.1.1 Slag Inclusions 12.1.2 Wagon Tracks 12.1.3 Porosity 12.1.4 Piping Porosity 12.1.5 Undercutting 12.1.6 Incomplete Fusion 12.1.7 Overlapping 12.1.8 Melt-through 12.1.9 Arc Strikes 12.2.10 Craters 12.2.11 Excessive Spatter 12.2.12 Distortion and Warpage 12.2.13 Inadequate Joint Penetration

12.3.1 Arc Blow 12.3.2 Improper Moisture Content 12.3.3 Fingernailing

12.1 Defects Caused by Welding Technique

12.3.1 Arc Blow 12.3.2 Improper Moisture Content 12.3.3 Fingernailing

12.3.1 Arc Blow 12.3.2 Improper Moisture Content 12.3.3 Fingernailing 13. Postweld Procedure

13.1 Cleaning 13.2 Inspection and Testing 13.3 Repairing of Welds 13.4 Postheating

13.1 Cleaning 13.2 Inspection and Testing 13.3 Repairing of Welds 13.4 Postheating 14. Welder Training and Qualification

14.1 Welder Training

14.1.1 Basic Shielded Metal Arc Welding 14.1.2 Advanced Shielded Metal Arc Welding 14.1.3 Shielded Metal Arc Pipe Welding

14.1.1 Basic Shielded Metal Arc Welding 14.1.2 Advanced Shielded Metal Arc Welding 14.1.3 Shielded Metal Arc Pipe Welding 14.2 Welder Qualification

14.1 Welder Training

14.1.1 Basic Shielded Metal Arc Welding 14.1.2 Advanced Shielded Metal Arc Welding 14.1.3 Shielded Metal Arc Pipe Welding

14.1.1 Basic Shielded Metal Arc Welding 14.1.2 Advanced Shielded Metal Arc Welding 14.1.3 Shielded Metal Arc Pipe Welding 14.2 Welder Qualification 15. Welding Safety

15.1 Electrical Shock 15.2 Arc Radiation 15.3 Air Contamination 15.4 Fires and Explosions 15.5 Weld Cleaning and other Hazards 15.6 Summary of Safety Precautions 15.7 References for Welding Safety

15.1 Electrical Shock 15.2 Arc Radiation 15.3 Air Contamination 15.4 Fires and Explosions 15.5 Weld Cleaning and other Hazards 15.6 Summary of Safety Precautions 15.7 References for Welding Safety Index

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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