Iraq by Publishing, Britannica Educational -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page Contents Introduction Chapter 1: Land

Relief

Fertile Crescent Alluvial Plains Al-Jazīrah Deserts The Northeast

Drainage

Diyālā River

Soils Climate

Shamāl

Plant and Animal Life

Chapter 2: People

Arabs Kurds Languages Religion

Shī‘ites Karbalā’ Sunnis Hanafiyyah Religious Minorities

Settlement Patterns

Rural Settlement Urban Settlement Al-Basrah

Demographic Trends

Chapter 3: Economy

Economic Development State Control Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Resources and Power

Petroleum Oil Pipelines Other Minerals and Energy

Manufacturing Finance Trade Services Labour and Taxation Transportation and Telecommunications

Chapter 4: Government and Society

Ba‘th Party Local Government Justice Political Process Security Health and Welfare Housing Education

Chapter 5: Cultural Life

Daily Life and Social Customs The Arts ‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Bayatī Cultural Institutions National Museum of Iraq Sports and Recreation Media and Publishing

Chapter 6: History

Iraq from c. 600 to 1055

The Arab Conquest and the Early Islamic Period Battle of Karbalā’ The ‘Abbāsid Caliphate The Būyid Period (932–1062)

Iraq from 1055 to 1534

The Seljuqs (1055–1152) The Later ‘Abbāsids (1152–1258) The Mongol Il-Khans (1258–1335) Il-Khanid Successors (1335–1410) The Turkmen (1410–1508) Kara Koyunlu The Ṣafavids (1508–34)

Ottoman Iraq (1534–1918)

The 16th-Century Conquest of Iraq and the Regime Imposed by Süleyman I The Local Despotisms in the 17th Century The 18th-Century Mamlūk Regime British East India Company The Fall of the Mamlūks and the Consolidation of British Interests Mid-19th-Century Ottoman Reforms The Governorship of Midhat Paşa The End of Ottoman Rule Armistice of Mudros

Iraq Until the 1958 Revolution

British Occupation and the Mandatory Regime Independence, 1932–39 World War II and British Intervention, 1939–45 Nūrī al-Sa‘īd Postwar Reconstruction and Social Upheavals, 1945–58

The Republic of Iraq

The 1958 Revolution and Its Aftermath ‘Abd al-Karīm Qāsim The Revolution of 1968 Iraq Under Ṣaddām Ḥussein Nūrī al-Mālikī

Conclusion

Glossary Bibliography Index