Advances in Psychology and Law · Volume 2 by Bornstein, Brian H. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Preface Contents 1 The Validity of Pleading Guilty

Overview of Guilty Pleas and the Process Determining the Validity of Pleading Guilty Knowing and Intelligent Plea Decision-Making

Capacity for Valid Plea Decision-Making Understanding of Plea Information Sufficiency of Information to Make Informed Plea Decisions Needed Research on Knowing and Intelligent Plea Decision-Making

Voluntary Plea Decision-Making

Needed Research on Voluntary Plea Decision-Making

Factual Guilt and Plea Decision-Making

Needed Research on Factual Guilt and Plea Decision-Making

Conclusion References

2 Capital-izing Jurors: How Death Qualification Relates to Jury Composition, Jurors’ Perceptions, and Trial Outcomes

The Death Penalty A History of Death Qualification The Biasing Effects of Death Qualification

Death Qualification and Jury Composition Death Qualification and Jurors’ Perceptions Death Qualification, Verdicts, and Sentences

Theoretical Applications and Extensions Implications, Limitations, and Future Directions Conclusion References

3 The Impact of Emotions on Juror Judgments and Decision Making

How Emotions Influence Judgments of Blame and Responsibility: Theories and Empirical Evidence

Affect Infusion Model and Juror Decisions Appraisal Theory and Information Processing Value and Application of Legal Information Affect-as-Information Informing Juror Decisions Summary

Trial Evidence Eliciting Emotions in Jurors

Graphic Photographs Graphic Verbal Descriptions and Crime Heinousness Witness Demeanor Defendant Emotion Emotional Appeals and Jurors

Psychology and Law Studies of Emotions and Jurors’ Decisions

Juror Emotion Summary

Potential Moderators

Juror Instructions Individual Differences in Emotionality Jury Deliberations Summary

Discussion

Suggestions for Future Research Final Thoughts

References

4 Scientific Evidence and Juror Decision Making: Theory, Empirical Research, and Future Directions

Theoretical Approaches to Understanding the Impact of Scientific Evidence

General Theories of Cognition Theories of Juror Decision Making Toward an Integration.

Empirical Research on the Impact of Scientific Evidence on Jurors

How Well Do Jurors Use Scientific Evidence? What Characteristics of Scientific Evidence Influence Juror Decision Making? What Contextual and Dispositional Variables Affect the Impact of Scientific Evidence?

Discussion

Major Empirical Findings A Conceptual Framework for Scientific Evidence Future Research Directions

Summary References

5 The Purpose, Content, and Effects of Expert Testimony on Interrogations and Confessions

True, False, and Ambiguous Confessions The Admissibility and Purpose of Expert Testimony on Confessions The Content of Expert Testimony on Confessions

The Power Asymmetry Between Interrogator and Suspect The Foundational Lie of the Interrogation Process Police Interrogation Techniques Reshaping the Suspect’s Decision Calculus Vulnerability and Resistance to False Confession Interrogation-Related Regulatory Decline Suspect Vulnerabilities that Increase the Risk of False Confession

Juror Knowledge and the Impact of Expert Testimony

Jurors’ Bias to Believe Confessions Jurors’ Beliefs Jurors’ Responses to Expert Testimony

Future Research Conclusion References

6 Psychology and the Federal Rules of Evidence

The Rules and the Current Body of Literature: 401 Relevance and 403 Prejudice Rules Conflicting with Psychology Research

404: Character Witness Evidence 608 and 609: Prior Convictions

Rules Corresponding to Psychology Research

406 Habit 407 Subsequent Remedial Measures, 408 Compromise Offers and Negotiations, 409 Offers to Pay Medical Expenses, and 411 Liability Insurance 610 Religious Beliefs or Opinions Rules 801-807 Hearsay

Directions for Future Research

Rule 606(b) Rule 603 Oath or Affirmation to Testify Truthfully Rule 505 and 506 Privileges [Not Enacted]

Conclusions References

7 An Examination of Whether Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) Evidence Satisfies the Relevance/Prejudice Admissibility Standard

Introduction

Admissibility of Evidence

Juvenile Transfer

Probative Value Prejudicial Impact Admissibility: Conclusions and Recommendations

SVP Commitment

Probative Value Prejudicial Impact Admissibility: Conclusions and Recommendations

Capital Sentencing

Probative Value Prejudicial Impact Admissibility: Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions References

8 A Synthetic Perspective on the Own-Race Bias in Eyewitness Identification

The Own-Race Bias and Eyewitness Identification

The ORB across Paradigms Two Primary Causes of the ORB A Synthetic Model of the ORB

Improving Face Recognition: Focus on Sensitivity

Non-Race-Specific Influences on Sensitivity Race-Specific Factors Influencing Race-Based Biases in Face Recognition

Policy Suggestions for Reducing the ORB

Other-Race Individuation Training for Police Unbiased Construction of Police Lineups Legal Interventions: Caution in Using Eyewitness Testimony

Conclusion Appendix References

9 Risk-Reducing Interventions for Justice-Involved Individuals: A Critical Review

Scope and Definitional Considerations

Prevalence of Behavioral Health Disorders in Justice-Involved Individuals Risk-Need-Responsivity as an Organizing Structure Clinical Versus Criminogenic Interventions: Toward a Partial Resolution

Cognitive Interventions

CBT: Cognitive Components Criminal Thinking Key Elements of Cognitive Interventions for Offenders Primary CBT Interventions Used in Correctional Settings Effectiveness of CBT Interventions for Offenders Future Directions

Problem-Solving Interventions

Nature of the Intervention Empirical Research Research Gaps/Areas for Future Research

Behavioral Health Interventions

Substance Abuse Trauma-Related Disorders Serious Mental Illness Future Directions

Conclusion References

10 Deterring Gangs: Criminal Justice Approaches and Psychological Perspectives

Deterrence Anti-gang Programs

Suppression Strategies Multifaceted Strategies Program Efficacy

Anti-gang Policies

Criminal Enhancement of Gang Activity Civil Gang Injunctions The Doctrine of Joint Enterprise or Common Purpose

Why Deterrence Strategies May Not Be Effective with Gang Members: Psychological Explanations

Social Identity Pluralistic Ignorance Cognitive Dissonance and Moral Disengagement Group Commitment and Cohesion Reputation and Status Enhancement Oppositional Culture

Concluding Remarks References

Index

← Prev
Back
Next →

← Prev
Back
Next →