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Index
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Martin Luther
Central Europe
The Essays
PART ONE: LIFE
• Chapter 1 •
Christendom
• Chapter 2 •
Young Martin
• Chapter 3 •
“Help me, St. Anne”
• Chapter 4 •
Wittenberg
• Chapter 5 •
When the Coffer Rings
• Chapter 6 •
Popes and Heretics
• Chapter 7 •
Heidelberg
• Chapter 8 •
“The goose that squawks among the swans”
• Chapter 9 •
Sola Scriptura
• Chapter 10 •
Exsurge Domine
• Chapter 11 •
“Here I stand”
• Chapter 12 •
Knight George of Wartburg Castle
• Chapter 13 •
The Battle for Wittenberg
• Chapter 14 •
A Culture of Persuasion
• Chapter 15 •
“I have made the angels laugh and the devils weep”
• Chapter 16 •
The Devil’s Work
• Chapter 17 •
The Faith Alive
• Chapter 18 •
A “great and constant disturbance”
• Chapter 19 •
“Look at what he is doing now”
• Chapter 20 •
Legacy
PART TWO: LESSONS
• Essay 1 •
Luther on Church History
Luther’s Analysis
Answers to the Five Key Questions
The Council of Trent
• Essay 2 •
Luther on Children’s Education
Children: Precious to God
Political Leaders: Establish More Schools
Parents: Send Children to School
• Essay 3 •
Luther on Monasticism
Luther: A Monk’s Monk
Luther’s Attack on Monasticism
A Slight Qualification
• Essay 4 •
Luther on the Central Issue: Law and Gospel
The Early Lectures on Romans
The Early Lectures on the Epistle to the Galatians
The Preface to the Epistle to the Romans
The Later Lectures on the Epistle to the Galatians
Summary
Rejection by the Roman Church
• Essay 5 •
Luther on the Divisive Issue: Indulgences and Church Finances
Luther’s Insistence on Arguments from Scripture
Indulgences, Repentance and Forgiveness
The Need for Money
Luther’s Attack
Luther’s Position on Confession and Absolution
• Essay 6 •
Luther on the Authority Issue: Papacy/Scripture
A Change in Luther’s Views on the Papacy
The Theological Attack on the Papacy, 1520
The Established Position, 1537
• Essay 7 •
Luther on the Theologies of Glory and the Cross
The Heidelberg Disputation
Explanations of the Ninety-Five Theses, 1518
The Sermon “Two Kinds of Righteousness”
Conclusion
Second Article
Third Article
• Essay 8 •
Luther Against Scholasticism: Was He a Humanist?
Theology and Philosophy
Theology and Other Disciplines
The Universities and the Church
The Use of Authority
Conclusion
• Essay 9 •
Luther Debating the Key Issues: Luther vs. Eck
On Debate
The Ninety-Five Theses as a Basis for Debate
Luther vs. Eck at Leipzig
• Essay 10 •
Luther on the Sacraments: The Die Is Cast
Luther’s Attack: Introduction
Rites Rejected as Sacraments
Penance—A Special Case
Holy Communion—A Genuine Sacrament
Baptism—A Genuine Sacrament
A Theology of Sacraments
• Essay 11 •
Luther on the Oneness of the Church: The Una Sancta
Faith and the Church’s Oneness
Implications and Ramifications of a Faith-Based Oneness
Conclusion
• Essay 12 •
In Need of Comfort and Strength: Luther on the Psalms
The Great Challenges in Luther’s Life
Luther’s Source of Comfort
Psalm 68—A Psalm for Courage and Strength
Psalm 118—A Source of Great Comfort
Closing
• Essay 13 •
Luther on Spiritual Growth in a New Church
The Bible in the Language of the People
Hymns
Prayers
Catechisms
• Essay 14 •
Luther on Free Will: Against Erasmus—A Failed Alignment of the Stars
Erasmus of Rotterdam
Luther and Erasmus—Early Tensions
The Battle Over Free Will
• Essay 15 •
Luther on Marriage, Celibacy and His Dear Kate
On Marriage
Celibacy
Luther’s Marriage
• Essay 16 •
Luther on Church and State
The Two Kingdoms
Luther’s Early Position
The Peasant Revolt
Conclusion
• Essay 17 •
Luther on Other Reformers
Karlstadt (Carlstadt)
Müntzer
Zwingli
• Essay 18 •
Luther on the Jews
Luther’s Statements
Is an Explanation Possible?
• Essay 19 •
Luther on Melanchthon
Background
Wartburg
Augsburg
Wittenberg Controversies
Luther’s Last Days
The Aftermath
• Essay 20 •
The Capstone Essay: A Contemporary Perspective
Chapter Notes
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Part Two: Essay 1
Essay 2
Essay 3
Essay 4
Essay 5
Essay 6
Essay 7
Essay 8
Essay 9
Essay 10
Essay 11
Essay 12
Essay 13
Essay 14
Essay 15
Essay 16
Essay 17
Essay 18
Essay 19
Essay 20
Bibliography
Part One
Part Two
List of Names and Terms
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