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Index
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part 1—Introduction
Chapter 1—A Multidimensional View of Reading and Writing
Crossing Borders: Disciplinary Perspectives Versus Literacy Dimensions
A Literacy Beliefs Profile
A Literacy Story
About This Book
Part 2—The Linguistic and Other Sign Systems Dimension of Literacy
Chapter 2—The Nature of Language and Other Sign Systems
What Makes Language Language?
The Systems of Language
Pragmatic
Text Type, Genre, and Text Structure
Semantic
Syntactic
Morphemic
Orthographic
Graphophonemic
Graphemic
Analyzing The Great Big Enormous Turnip
Context, Situation, and the Systems of Language
Internal Context
External Context
Academic Discourse and Literacy Across the Curriculum and Across the Grades
Conclusions
Chapter 3—Oral and Written Language Relationships
The Language Expressions: Physical, Processing, and Situational Factors
Oral and Written Language Distinctions
The Link Among Letters, Sounds, and Spelling
A Little History on the Development of the English Spelling System
Conclusions
Chapter 4—Language Variation
What Is Language Variation?
Causes of Language Variation
Language Variation and the Reading and Writing Processes
The Impact of Various Forms of Spoken English on Literacy Development
An Instructional Response to Nonstandard Dialects
Bilingual Language Users and the Linguistic and Other Sign Systems Dimension
Conclusions
Part 3—The Cognitive Dimension of Literacy
Chapter 5—The Constructive Nature of Perception
Perceptual Experiments
The Systems of Language, Memory, and Perception
Visual Processing and Perception
A Pin for Dan and The Great Big Enormous Turnip
Teaching Letters, Sounds, and Words From a Linguistic and Perceptual Framework
Conclusions
Chapter 6—The Reading Process
Factors Influencing the Reader–Text–Writer Transaction
Language and Other Sign Systems
Strategies
Background Knowledge
Purpose
Assimilation and Accommodation
Knowledge of Relevant Technologies
What Do Theories and Models Have To Do With Teaching Reading and Writing?
A Theory and Model of the Reading Process
Background Knowledge Search
The Situational Dependency of Reading
Goals and Plans: Reading as an Intentional Act
Reading Strategies
Evolving Cognitive Text World
An Examination of Proficient and Less Proficient Readers
Bilingual Language Users and the Cognitive Dimension
Reading: An Alternate View
Conclusions
Chapter 7—Understanding Written Discourse
The Nature and Role of Background Knowledge in Understanding
Words, Knowledge, and Comprehension
The Dynamic, Transactional, and Situational Nature of Comprehension
Conclusions
Chapter 8—The Writing Process
The Reader–Text–Writer Transaction Revisited
A Theory and Model of the Writing Process
Knowledge Search
The Situational Dependency of Writing
Goals and Plans: Writing as an Intentional Act
Writing Strategies
Evolving Cognitive Text World and Surface Structure
An Examination of Proficient and Nonproficient Writers
Linguistic and Cognitive Interrelationships Between the Reading and Writing Processes
Conclusions
Part 4—The Sociocultural Dimension of Literacy
Chapter 9—Understanding Literacy as Social Practices
Examining Our Own Literacy Practices
Group Memberships and Social Identities
Multiple Literacies, Multiple Identities, and Multiple Social Practices
Literacy in School . . .
. . . and Out
Literacy in the Home
Literacy in Places of Worship
Literacy Among Those Living in Poverty
Literacy in the Neighborhood
Literacy Among Adults
Literacy and Its Relationship to Cognitive and Socioeconomic Development
Conclusions
Chapter 10—The Authority of Written Discourse
The Nature of Knowledge
The Nature of Texts and Text Interpretation
Pigs and Wolves
Turnips, Carrots, and Other Texts
Reader Response and Critical Response
Conclusions
Part 5—The Developmental Dimension of Literacy
Chapter 11—Constructing the Written Language System
Why Learn Language?
Constructing Patterns and Principles
The Learner as Scientist and Construction Worker
Resistant, Oppositional Learners or Fearful, Unskilled Learners?
Development as a Recursive Process
Negotiating Meaning and Sign Systems
Interrelationships Between Reading and Writing Development
The Phonics Question
Conclusions
Chapter 12—Mediating the Written Language System
Mediational Patterns and Principles
Responding to Intentions and Meanings
The Adult as Mediator, Demonstrator, Sponsor, and Guide
Interactional Patterns and Establishing Intersubjectivity
Variations on a Theme: Culture and Literacy Development
Conclusions
Summarizing the Dimensions of Literacy
Reexamining Our Beliefs About Literacy
References
Author Index
Subject Index
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