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Index
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface of the first edition
Preface of the second edition
Chapter One: Disturbance and succession
Abstract
Introduction to the second edition
Introduction to the first edition
Disturbance as the nemesis of succession
The chronosequence basis of succession
Coupling disturbance and vegetation processes
Conclusion
Chapter Two: The turbulent wind in plant and forest canopies
Abstract
Introduction
The structure of the atmospheric boundary layer over land
Characteristics of turbulent flow in and above plant canopies
Effects of topography and heterogeneity
Implications of this velocity structure for canopy disturbance
Summary
Chapter Three: Thunderstorm downbursts: Windstorms and blowdowns
Abstract
Introduction
Convective storms and downbursts
Vertical equation of motion
Climatology
Downdrafts, mesocyclones, and outflows
Microbursts
Large-scale systems
Examples
Climate variability
Summary
Chapter Four: Wind disturbance in forests: The process of wind created gaps, tree overturning, and stem breakage
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Risk of wind damage
Applied force
Resistive force
Direct consequences
Subsequent impact of windthrow, stem breakage, and gap/patch formation
Summary and conclusions
Appendix
Chapter Five: Meteorological conditions associated with ice storm damage to forests
Abstract
Introduction
Synoptic conditions for freezing rain
Climatology of freezing rain in Canada
Meteorological evolution of Ice Storm ′98
Brief description of synoptic evolution
Role of North Atlantic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Possible changes in ice storm frequency under a warming climate
Summary
Chapter Six: The effect of icing events on the death and regeneration of North American trees
Abstract
Introduction
The biomechanics of branch breakage during ice events with and without wind
Ice measurements in the field
A review of the literature on tree damage due to icing events
The population consequences of major ice events
Experimental icing
Chapter Seven: Coastal dune succession and the reality of dune processes
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Traditional dune succession hypothesis
Problems with the dune succession hypothesis
Process-response alternative to traditional succession hypothesis
Conclusion
Chapter Eight: Fluvial geomorphic disturbances and life-history traits of riparian tree species
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Geomorphic classification of riparian zones and disturbance regimes in a catchment
Disturbance, reliability of regeneration habitat and life history of dominant tree species
Concluding remarks
Chapter Nine: Water level changes in ponds and lakes: The hydrological processes
Abstract
Introduction
Water balance
Case study—Northern prairie wetlands and lakes
Conclusions
Chapter Ten: Development of post-disturbance vegetation in prairie wetlands
Abstract
Introduction
Wet-dry cycles
Marsh ecology research program
Coenocline development: Same pre- and post-disturbance water levels
Coenocline development: Different pre- and post-disturbance water levels
Models of coenocline development
Conclusions
Chapter Eleven: Modeling fire effects on plants: From organs to ecosystems
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
History of fire behavior and effects research
Fundamentals of combustion and heat transfer
Modeling fire behavior
Fire effects on plants
Linking stem and crown injuries to whole plant functioning
Scaling fire effects from individuals to ecosystems
Conclusion
Chapter Twelve: Insect defoliators as periodic disturbances in northern forest ecosystems
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Defoliating insects as a distinct class of forest disturbance
The process of insect disturbance
Population dynamics of foliage-grazers
Conclusion
Chapter Thirteen: Revisiting the relationship between spruce budworm outbreaks and forest dynamics over the Holocene in Eastern North America based on novel proxies
Abstract
Introduction
History of spruce budworm outbreaks over the past 8000 years
Variation in the temporal and spatial dynamics of outbreaks: Reflection on changes in forest structure as driven by fire and insect outbreaks
Chapter Fourteen: Beaver as agents of plant disturbance
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Beaver
Physical processes impacted by beaver
Beaver disturbance impacts on individual plants, populations, and communities
Effects of beaver ecosystem engineering activities on plant communities
Beaver response to other disturbance agents
Literature classification
Conclusion
Index
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