Psychotherapeutic Approaches to Schizophrenic Psychoses by Silver, Ann-Louise S. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

The International Society for the Psychological Treatments of Schizophrenias and other Psychoses book series Contents Figures and tables

Figures Tables

Contributors Foreword

Towards personalizing and contextualizing psychiatric care

Introduction Part I The past

Chapter 1 Can we approach patients with schizophrenic psychoses from a psychological basis?

The schism between ‘understanding’ and ‘explanatory’ psychology How can we understand the schizophrenic person? Note References

Chapter 2 Treatment of psychoses before the twentieth century

Primitive societies Early civilizations Greek and Roman civilization The medieval period Renaissance Sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Eighteenth century References

Chapter 3 The Schreber case and Freud’s double-edged influence on the psychoanalytic approach to psychosis

Freud’s treatise on Schreber’s memoirs Later studies on the Schreber Case

Niederland’s findings

Freud’s later writings on schizophrenia Freud’s two-edged influence Notes References

Chapter 4 The Burghölzli School

Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939) Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961) Sabina Spielrein (1885–1941) Ludwig Binswanger (1881–1966) Karl Abraham (1877–1925) and other colleagues Summary References

Chapter 5 The pioneering work of Paul Federn

References

Chapter 6 Pioneers of psychoanalytically oriented treatment of psychosis in the USA

James Jackson Putnam Adolf Meyer Jelliffe and White Note References Website

Part II From past to present

Chapter 7 United States of America

The key influence of Sullivan and Fromm-Reichmann Other Chestnut Lodge therapists Other centres and therapists References

Chapter 8 Great Britain

The evolution of key concepts

Kleinian innovations

The application of Kleinian concepts in clinical practice

The spread of Kleinian thought Contributions to non-clinical spheres

Discussion

Case examples

Conclusions Notes References

Part 2: Psychological therapies for schizophrenic psychoses in the UK

Treatment for schizophrenia in the National Health Service Cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis Family-centred approaches Psychosocial interventions Group and therapeutic community approaches Arts therapies Early intervention

Raising community awareness Improving access and engagement by health services Promoting recovery and a normal life Promoting family engagement and carer support/practitioner training

The role of the voluntary sector and mental health charities Conclusion Notes References Websites

Chapter 9 German-speaking Central Europe

Continuity despite the time of National Socialism

The Bellevue Sanatorium in Kreuzlingen and the Burghölzli in Zurich

Ludwig Binswanger’s clinical and philosophical principles (shortened version of Hoffmann, 1997) Gustav Bally (1893–1966)—an important bridge between the psychoanalytic therapy of psychoses in Switzerland and the international psychoanalytic movement

Psychotherapeutic practice, research and training with psychotic patients at the Psychiatric University Hospital Burghölzli in Zurich in the 1950s Methodological and clinical developments

Gaetano Benedetti (born 1920)

Philosophical and clinical developments against the split of therapeutic schools

Norman Elrod (1928–2002)

Requirements for hospital settings

Christian Müller (born 1921), Fred Singeisen (1909–1982), Johannes Cremerius (1918–2002)

Impacts on other European countries Summary Acknowledgement References

Part 2: The development of psychosis psychotherapy in Germany and Austria

GERMANY

Psychodynamic understanding of psychosis: pro and predominantly contra Initial post-war steps in Germany The initially limited scope of ‘psychodynamization’ in psychiatry The counter-reaction of the ‘outsiders’ The current situation

Clinic and ambulatory training and therapy

Munich The North German Working Group for Psychodynamic Psychiatry Tiefenbrunn Kassel Hamburg-Bergedorf Frankfurt Psychosis Project Berlin Frankfurt-Höchst, Friedberg/Hessen, Würzburg, Hamburg-Eppendorf Stuttgart

Theoretical considerations

Concept of the dilemmatic structure of psychotic dynamics

Family and group therapies

AUSTRIA

Psychoanalytically oriented psychosis therapy until 1938 Later development Concluding remarks

Acknowledgements References

Chapter 10 France

M.-A.Séchehaye and Françoise Dolto Jacques Lacan Gisela Pankow and Piera Aulagnier P.-C.Racamier, Claude Barrois and others References

Chapter 11 Italy

The legislative reforms The operating centres Current difficulties The role of psychotherapies Conclusions References

Chapter 12 Northern Europe

SWEDEN—FROM BJERRE TO THE PARACHUTE PROJECT

Pioneers of psychodynamic treatment of psychoses Cognitive psychotherapy The Soteria Nacka The Parachute Project ISPS in Sweden Closing remarks

NORWAY—WARDS FOR INTENSIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY

Endre Ugelstad and Jarl Jørstad Wards for intensive psychotherapy, development of research and training

DENMARK—PROGRESS BY MEANS OF PROJECT WORK

Vanggaard’s pioneering work Regional development and inspirations from abroad from 1970 onwards

Individual psychotherapy and group analytic approaches Associations and educational activities The NIPS project in Denmark The Danish National Schizophrenia Project Milieu therapy ISPS networking

Acknowledgements

FINLAND—CONTINUOUS EFFORTS TO A SHARED SPACE OF UNDERSTANDING

Beginnings The Therapeia psychosis therapists The Turku group and the beginnings of the need-adapted treatment model The National Schizophrenia Project 1981–1987

Multiprofessional psychosis teams

Psychotherapy training programmes The API project Other projects

The Western Lapland Project (WLP 1)4 Other projects

Closing remarks

DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHERN EUROPE—A SUMMARY Notes References

Chapter 13 Eastern Europe

References

Chapter 14 Eastern Asia

A focus on Singapore

Case example

Conclusion References

Part 2: Taopsychotherapy in Korea

Professor Rhee’s experience and influences as a psychotherapist The essence of Taopsychotherapy Taopsychotherapy and Western psychotherapy: similarities and differences Summary References

Chapter 15 New Zealand

Introduction Mäori mental health Mainstream services Early intervention services (EISs)

Groups Residential options Recovery through meaningful occupation

Research National support and development structures References

Part III From present to future

Chapter 16 Psychodynamic treatment of psychosis in the USA

Reductionism versus integration between biological and psychosocial The tide is turning Note References

Chapter 17 The family in schizophrenic disorder

Differences that make a difference? The issue of responsibility and guilt A problematical view Another view A third view The Heidelberg approach References

Chapter 18 Group psychotherapy and schizophrenia

Introduction Specific features of group psychotherapy

Group therapeutic context Group mirroring Group therapeutic factors

Psychosis, group dynamics and the therapeutic process

Group psychotherapy for inpatients Outpatient group psychotherapy

Group dynamics and reconstruction of identity in schizophrenia References

Chapter 19 Cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis

Introduction

Key characteristics of CBT

Past

Cognitive phenomenology of psychotic experiences Case studies and case series Randomized controlled trials Phases of psychosis

Present

Characteristics of CBTp Engagement and rapport building Understanding the onset of the illness CBT with psychotic symptoms Summary of the present

Future

Increased specification of theories and efficiency of treatments Changes to the format of treatments Expanding to whom CBTp is offered Novel treatment approaches

Conclusion Notes References

Chapter 20 Psychopharmacological treatment and psychotherapy in schizophrenic psychoses

Introduction Antipsychotic drug treatment: limited clinical effectiveness Why do patients discontinue antipsychotic drug treatment so often? Concluding remarks References

Part 2: The principles of using and not using neuroleptics in the Finnish need-adapted approach to the treatment of schizophrenic psychoses

General social and biological background to the neuroleptic-free treatment of psychosis The Finnish projects and the neuroleptic-free treatment of psychosis

Pilot study and multicentre API project Classification: using or not using neuroleptics as determined by patients’ premorbid psychosocial achievements and reaction to the clinical interview

Schizophrenia I: near adequate or adequate premorbid psychosocial achievements Conclusion Schizophrenia II: relative lag in premorbid psychosocial achievements, especially in separation development Conclusion Schizophrenia III: distinctly defective ego functioning from early psychosocial developmental phases Conclusion

New neurobiological research and clinical classification Concluding remarks References

Chapter 21 Prevention and early intervention in psychosis

Disease and syndrome: epistemological considerations The popular understanding of early intervention Early detection of psychosis versus early detection of prepsychosis The TIPS study

Background Results from the TIPS studies Pre-TIPS (1993–1994) TIPS (1997–2005) TIPS II (2001–) TIPS III (2007–)

Conclusions and final comments References

Chapter 22 Psychotherapy and rehabilitation

Introduction

An assumption that these approaches are contradictory Similarities in goals for people seeking care The classical approaches used to achieve these goals have different languages and emphases

Psychotherapeutic approaches Biological approaches Rehabilitative approaches Examples of some integrative approaches Illustrations of how a psychiatrist worked with rehabilitation and clinical settings to accommodate both approaches

#1—How a rehabilitative setting became more clinical #2—How a clinical setting became rehabilitative

Conclusion Acknowledgment References

Chapter 23 Soteria

Introduction Personal roots—Loren Mosher (1934–2004)

An understanding of psychosis

The Soteria setting

Procedures General guidelines for behaviour, interaction and expectation: Rules

Three phases

1. Acute crises 2. Restitution of the fragmented personality in a protected context 3. Orientation to the outside world

Medication Supervision Direction and funding Research design

Inclusion criteria (to the second cohort) Control group

Results

Six-week outcomes Two-year outcomes Drug-free responders

Luc Ciompi and Soteria Berne

Theory of schizophrenia Development of Soteria Berne Research evaluation Further developments

Attempts at explaining the effectiveness of Soteria

Mosher

Promoting new relationships Developing a more independent identity

Ciompi

Dissemination and replicability of the Soteria approach Soteria as an ‘ideological movement’ and a guiding idea Personal assessment and outlook References

Chapter 24 Deinstitutionalization and neuroleptics

Moral treatment The downfall of asylum care: 1850–1950 Neuroleptics and deinstitutionalization Neuroleptics and chronic illness Other confirming evidence A model for reform References

Chapter 25 Further development of treatment approaches to schizophrenic psychoses

Preconditions for integrative development have increased

Integrative development in the field of neurobiology

Integrative development of treatment approaches

Psychodynamic and cognitive approaches and their relation to each other Evidence-based evaluations and the field of psychotherapy

Developing a comprehensive and integrated treatment of schizophrenic patients

The psychotherapeutic attitude Prevention and early intervention Treatment facilities Family approaches Individual psychotherapy Group therapy and group activities Rehabilitation and psychotherapy On neuroleptic treatment Training and supervision

Concluding words References

Name index Subject index

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