Designing and Deploying 802.11n Wireless Networks (Networking Technology) by Geier, Jim -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Introduction Part I Fundamental Concepts Chapter 1 Introduction to Wireless LANs

Wireless LAN Markets and Applications

Retail Warehousing Healthcare Hospitality Voice over WLAN Video Surveillance Home and Small Office General Enterprise Systems Location-Aware Wireless Applications

Benefits of Wireless Networks

Mobility Installation in Difficult-to-Wire Areas Increased Reliability Reduced Installation Time Long-Term Cost Savings Productivity Gain Is the Answer

Wireless Network Technologies

IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) Initial 802.11 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g 802.11n Comparison of 802.11 Standards Wi-Fi Certification

Other Wireless Network Technologies

IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth) IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) Certified Wireless USB

Wireless LANs: A Historical Perspective

The Early Days Initial 802.11 Standardization 802.11n Standardization

Chapter 2 Radio Wave Fundamentals

Radio Wave Attributes

Amplitude Frequency Phase

RF System Components

RF Transceiver RF Modulation Amplitude Shift-Keying Frequency Shift-Keying Phase Shift-Keying Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Spread Spectrum Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

RF Signal Propagation

Attenuation Free Space Loss Physical Obstacles Multipath Propagation Noise and Signal-to-Noise Ratio

RF Mathematics

Converting Units

Chapter 3 Wireless LAN Types and Components

Types of Wireless LANs

Ad Hoc Wireless LANs Infrastructure Wireless LANs Mesh Wireless Networks

Wireless LAN Components

Client Devices Client Radio Industry Standard Architecture Peripheral Component Interconnect Mini-PCI PC Card ExpressCard CompactFlash Universal Serial Bus Access Points Autonomous Access Points Controller-Based Access Points Wi-Fi Routers Mesh Nodes Antennas RF Amplifiers Repeaters Bridges

Network Infrastructure Components

Network Distribution Systems Switches Optical Fiber Power over Ethernet Application Connectivity Software Terminal Emulation Browser-Based Approaches Direct Database Interfaces Wireless Middleware

Chapter 4 Wireless LAN Implications

Security Vulnerabilities

Passive Monitoring Unauthorized Access Denial of Service

Radio Signal Interference

Microwave Oven Interference Cordless Phone Interference Bluetooth Interference Neighboring Wireless LAN Interference

Impacts of Multipath Propagation Roaming Issues Battery Limitations Interoperability Problems Installation Issues

Part II The 802.11 Standard Chapter 5 Introduction to IEEE 802.11 and Related Standards

The Importance of Standards

Types of Standards Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers Benefits of the 802.11 Standard Appliance Interoperability Fast Product Development Stable Future Migration Price Reductions Avoiding Silos

The IEEE 802 LAN Standards Family

802.11 MAC Sublayer 802.11 Physical Layer IEEE 802.2 Unacknowledged Connectionless Service Connection-Oriented Service Continuous ARQ Stop-and-Wait ARQ Acknowledged Connectionless Service

IEEE 802.11 Features

Station Services Authentication Deauthentication Privacy Distribution System Services Association Disassociation Distribution Integration Reassociation Station States and Corresponding Frame Types

Chapter 6 IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer

Primary 802.11 MAC Layer Functions

Data Delivery Medium Access Distributed Coordination Function Hybrid Coordination Function Error Recovery Data Frame Acknowledgments Dynamic Rate Switching Data Frame Aggregation MSDU Aggregation MPDU Aggregation Data Frame Fragmentation Encryption Wired Equivalent Privacy Temporal Key Integrity Protocol Advanced Encryption Standard Multicasting

Connectivity

Scanning for Networks Authentication Open System Authentication Shared Key Authentication IEEE 802.1X Port-Based Authentication Association Reassociation

Timing and Synchronization

Short IFS PCF IFS DCF IFS Extended IFS

RTS/CTS

Power Management

802.11 MAC Frame Structures

Protocol Version Field Type Field Subtype Field To DS Field From DS Field More Frag Field Retry Field Power Management Field More Data Field Protected Frame Field Order Field Duration/ID Field Address 1, 2, 3, and 4 Fields Sequence Control Field QoS Control Field HT Control Field Frame Body Field Frame Check Sequence Field

MAC Frame Types

Management Frames Association Request Frame Association Response Frame Reassociation Request Frame Reassociation Response Frame Probe Request Frame Probe Response Frame Beacon Frame ATIM Frame Disassociation Frame Authentication Frame Deauthentication Frame Action Frame Action No ACK Frame Management Frame Body Contents Control Frames Control Wrapper Frame Block ACK Request Frame Block ACK Frame Power-Save Poll Frame Request-to-Send Frame Clear-to-Send Frame Acknowledgment Frame Contention-Free End Frame CF End + CF ACK Frame Data Frames

Interoperability

Chapter 7 IEEE 802.11 Physical Layers

802.11 Physical Layer Architecture

PLCP Sublayer PMD Sublayer

802.11 Physical Layer Functions

Carrier-Sense Function Transmit Function Receive Function

Legacy 802.11 Physical Layers

Frequency-Hopping Spread-Spectrum PHY Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum PHY Infrared PHY Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing PHY (802.11a) High-Rate Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum PHY (802.11b) Extended-Rate PHY (802.11g)

HT-OFDM (802.11n)

MIMO Concepts Transmit Beamforming Spatial Multiplexing Channel Bonding 802.11n Modulation

Interoperability

Part III Wireless Network Design Chapter 8 Planning a Wireless LAN Deployment

Project Management Principles Wireless LAN Deployment Planning Steps Step 1: Defining the Project Scope

Project Charter Assumptions Constraints

Step 2: Developing the Work Breakdown Structure

Requirements Definition Phase Design Phase Implementation Phase Operations and Maintenance Phase

Step 3: Identifying Staffing Step 4: Creating a Schedule Step 5: Developing a Budget

Preliminary Requirements and Design Hardware and Software Costs Deployment Services Costs Ongoing Operations and Maintenance Costs

Step 6: Evaluating Risks Step 7: Analyzing Feasibility

Costs Benefits Impacts on Users Impacts on Existing Systems Making the Decision to Proceed

Executing the Project

The Kick-Off Meeting Periodic Activities

Evaluating the Outcome of the Project

Chapter 9 Defining Requirements for a Wireless LAN

Requirements Attributes Requirements Definition Steps Step 1: Gathering Information

Interviewing Users Interviewing IT Staff Reviewing the Existing Infrastructure and Systems

Step 2: Analyzing Requirements

Application Requirements Client Device Requirements Signal Coverage Requirements Utilization Requirements Mobility Requirements Continuous Movement Portable Access Stationary Access Security Requirements Sensitivity of Information and Systems Organization Security Policies Network Access Privileges Existing Security Mechanisms Scalability Requirements Existing Network Infrastructure Requirements Integration Requirements Environmental Requirements Building Construction and Obstacles Floor Plans Temperature and Humidity Durability Aesthetic Requirements

Step 3: Documenting Requirements Step 4: Obtaining Requirements Approval

Chapter 10 System Architecture Considerations

Architectural Considerations Wireless Access Networks

Autonomous Access Point Architecture Controller-Based Access Point Architecture Mesh Network Architecture Ad Hoc Architecture 2.4 GHz Versus 5 GHz Geographical Location Considerations Performance Considerations Existing Client Device Considerations Facility Size Considerations Radio Signal Interference Considerations Hybrid Frequency Band Considerations Common Infrastructure Considerations Migration Considerations Redundancy Considerations Controller Redundancy Access Point Redundancy

Distribution Systems

Switch Considerations PoE Considerations

Voice over WLAN Systems

Single-Site Architecture Multisite WAN with Centralized Call Processing Multisite WAN with Distributed Call Processing

Application Connectivity

Terminal Emulation Considerations Browser-Based Connectivity Considerations Direct Database Considerations Wireless Middleware Considerations

Chapter 11 Range, Performance, and Roaming Considerations

Range Versus Performance Range Considerations

Signal Coverage Requirements Radio Frequency Bands Transmit Power Settings Transmission Channel Settings Data Rate Settings Antennas Amplifiers Repeaters Physical Obstacles Radio Signal Interference

Performance Considerations

Throughput Versus Data Rate Radio Frequency Bands Transmit Power Settings Transmission Channel Settings Data Rate Settings Antennas Amplifiers Radio Signal Interference Channel Width Settings Signal Coverage Fragmentation Settings RTS/CTS Settings Bandwidth Control Mechanisms Microcell Deployment Strategies

Roaming Considerations

Roaming Levels Access Point Roaming Subnet Roaming Wireless ISP Roaming Wireless IP Phone Roaming Mobility Settings

Chapter 12 Radio Frequency Considerations

Frequency Band Selection

2.4-GHz Frequency Band 5-GHz Frequency Band

Transmission Channel Settings

Manual Channel Settings Single-Level Facilities Multilevel Facilities Adaptive Channel Settings

Difficult-to-Cover Areas

Signal Coverage in Elevators Signal Coverage in Stairwells Signal Coverage in Parking Areas

Radio Signal Interference Reduction

Chapter 13 Security Considerations

Security Elements Encryption Authentication

EAP Methods Authentication Servers Guest Access

Rogue Access Point Detection RF Shielding Wireless Security Polices

Part IV Wireless Network Installation and Testing Chapter 14 Test Tools

Tool Considerations Spectrum Analyzers

Real-Time Fast Fourier Transform FFT Duty Cycle Swept Spectrogram Active Devices Recording Spectrum Data

Signal Coverage Testers

Heat Maps Positioning Passive Versus Active Modes Simulation Free Signal Coverage Tester: NetStumbler

Wireless Protocol Analyzers

Filtering Frames Recording Traces Free Protocol Analyzer: WireShark

Chapter 15 Performing a Wireless Site Survey

Wireless Site Survey Considerations Reviewing Requirements Selecting Site Survey Tools Obtaining Floor Diagrams Inspecting the Facility Assessing the Existing Network Infrastructure

Communications Rooms Switches and Power over Ethernet WAN

Identifying Potential Radio Signal Interference Defining Signal Values for Acceptable Signal Coverage

Minimum Received Signal Strength Minimum SNR Uplink Versus Downlink Signal Values

Identifying Optimum Access Point Antenna Installation Locations

Propagation Testing Test Access Point Configuration Antenna Considerations Identifying Test Locations Measuring Test Signals Assessing Propagation Test Results Cell Overlap Considerations Annotate Access Point Antenna Installation Locations

Writing an RF Site Survey Report

Chapter 16 Installing and Configuring a Wireless LAN

Wireless LAN Installation Considerations Planning the Installation

Developing an Installation Plan Points of Contact Safety Tips Installation Procedures Required Facility Changes Tools Reference to Design Documentation Schedule Resources Budget Risks Coordinating the Installation

Staging the Components Installing Ethernet Switches and Cabling Installing Access Points

Mounting Practices Antenna Alignment Configuration Setting Access Firmware Access Point Configuration Settings 802.11n Enable SSID DTIM Interval Beacon Interval Radio Frequency Bands Transmit Power Transmission Channel Data Rates Antenna Diversity Channel Width Fragmentation Threshold RTS/CTS Threshold

Testing the Installation Documenting the Installation

Chapter 17 Testing a Wireless LAN

Wireless LAN Testing Considerations Signal Coverage Testing

Wireless Site Survey Coverage Testing As-Installed Coverage Testing Consider Beacon Rates

Performance Testing

Association Tests Registration Tests Network Connection Tests Authentication Tests Application Connection Tests Application Tests Load Tests

In-Motion Testing Security Vulnerability Testing

Security Settings Verification Penetration Testing Private-Side Testing Public-Side Testing

Acceptance/Verification Testing Simulation Testing Prototype Testing Pilot Testing Test Documentation

Part V Operational Support Considerations Chapter 18 Managing a Wireless LAN

Operational Support Considerations Help Desk

Connection Problems Poor Signal Coverage Poor Performance System Status Additional Considerations

Network Monitoring

Performance Monitoring Access Point Monitoring Configuration Monitoring Security Policy Management Installation Control Policies Monitoring Policies Periodic Testing Policies

Maintenance

Inoperative Access Points Poor Performance Poor Signal Coverage Broken Hardware Firmware Updates Signal Coverage Verification Access Point Inspections Troubleshooting Sparing

Engineering

Advanced Problem Resolution Coverage Expansion Capacity Increases Firmware Review Technology Upgrades Design Review

Configuration Management

Change-Control Processes Security Management Review Existing Security Policies Review the System Architecture Review Management Tools and Procedures Interview Users Verify Configurations of Wireless Devices Investigate Physical Installations of Access Points Identify Rogue Access Points Perform Penetration Tests Analyze Security Gaps Recommend Improvements

Trouble Ticket Coordination

Help Desk Group Desktop Support Group Network Support Group

Preparing for the Transfer to Operational Mode

Chapter 19 Troubleshooting a Wireless LAN

Troubleshooting Methodology

Identify the Problem Identify the Underlying Cause of the Problem Fix the Problem

Connection Problems

Insufficient Signal Coverage Radio Signal Interference Access Point Failure Incompatible Client Radio Faulty Firmware Incorrect Client Radio Configuration

Performance Problems

Insufficient Signal Coverage Radio Signal Interference Faulty Firmware Nonoptimal Client Radio Configuration Nonoptimal Access Point Configuration Misaligned Antennas High Utilization

Chapter 20 Preparing Operational Support Staff

Support Staff Considerations Availability of Existing Staff Experience Requirements Education and Training Requirements

Vendor-Neutral Training Vendor-Specific Training College Education

Certifications Staffing Sources

Glossary Index

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