[Gutenberg 34131] • Butterflies and Moths (British) by Furneaux, William S. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

E-text prepared by Simon Gardner, Chris Curnow, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by Internet Archive (http://www.archive.org)

Transcriber's Note

BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS (BRITISH)

PREFACE CONTENTS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PART I STRUCTURE AND LIFE-HISTORY OF THE LEPIDOPTERA

CHAPTER I GENERAL CHARACTERS CHAPTER II THE EGG CHAPTER III THE LARVA CHAPTER IV THE PUPA OR CHRYSALIS CHAPTER V CLASSIFICATION OF THE LEPIDOPTERA

PART II WORK AT HOME AND IN THE FIELD

CHAPTER VI CATCHING BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS

Catching Butterflies Catching Moths by Day Searching for Moths at Night.

CHAPTER VII COLLECTING OVA, LARVÆ, AND PUPÆ

Collecting Ova Collecting Larvæ Collecting Pupæ

CHAPTER VIII REARING LEPIDOPTERA

Management of Ova Rearing Larvæ The Management of Pupæ

CHAPTER IX SETTING AND PRESERVING

Setting and Preserving Butterflies and Moths

CHAPTER X PRESERVING OVA, LARVÆ AND PUPÆ CHAPTER XI THE CABINET—ARRANGEMENT OF SPECIMENS

PART III BRITISH BUTTERFLIES

CHAPTER XII THE SWALLOW-TAIL AND THE 'WHITES'

Family—Papilionidæ The Swallow-tail (Papilio Machaon) Family—Pieridæ The Black-veined White (Aporia Cratægi) The Large White (Pieris Brassicæ) The Small White (P. Rapæ) The Green-veined White (P. Napi) The Bath or Green-chequered White (P. Daplidice) The Orange Tip (Euchloë Cardamines) The Wood White (Leucophasia Sinapis) The Pale Clouded Yellow (Colias Hyale) The Clouded Yellow (Colias Edusa) Colias Edusa, var. Helice The Brimstone (Gonopteryx Rhamni)

CHAPTER XIII THE FRITILLARIES, VANESSAS, AND THE PURPLE EMPEROR

Family—Nymphalidæ The Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Argynnis Selene) The Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Argynnis Euphrosyne) The Queen of Spain Fritillary (Argynnis Latona) The Dark-green Fritillary (Argynnis Aglaia) The High-brown Fritillary (Argynnis Adippe) The Silver-washed Fritillary (Argynnis Paphia) The Greasy Fritillary (Melitæa Aurinia) The Glanville Fritillary (Melitæa Cinxia) The Heath Fritillary (Melitæa Athalia) The Comma (Vanessa C-Album) The Large Tortoiseshell (Vanessa Polychloros) The Small Tortoiseshell (Vanessa Urticæ) The Peacock (Vanessa Io) The Camberwell Beauty (Vanessa Antiopa) The Red Admiral (Vanessa Atalanta) The Painted Lady (Vanessa Cardui) The White Admiral (Limenitis Sibylla) Family—Apaturidæ The Purple Emperor (Apatura Iris)

CHAPTER XIV THE BROWNS AND HEATHS

Family—Satyridæ The Marbled White (Melanargia Galatea) The Small Ringlet (Erebia Epiphron) The Northern Brown (Erebia Æthiops) The Speckled Wood or Wood Argus (Pararge Egeria) The Wall Butterfly (Pararge Megæra) The Grayling (Satyrus Semele) The Meadow Brown (Epinephele Janira) The Large Heath (Epinephele Tithonus) The Ringlet (Epinephele Hyperanthus) The Marsh Ringlet (Cænonympha Typhon) The Small Heath (Cænonympha Pamphilus)

CHAPTER XV THE HAIRSTREAKS, COPPERS AND BLUES

Family—Lycænidæ The Brown Hairstreak (Thecla Betulæ) The Black Hairstreak, or White-letter Hairstreak (Thecla W-album) The Dark Hairstreak (Thecla Pruni) The Purple Hairstreak (Thecla Quercus) The Green Hairstreak (Thecla Rubi) The Large Copper (Polyommatus Dispar) The Small Copper (Polyommatus Phlæas) The Tailed Blue (Lycæna Bætica) The Silver-studded Blue (Lycæna Ægon) The Brown Argus (Lycæna Astrarche) The Common Blue (Lycæna Icarus) The Clifden Blue (Lycæna Bellargus) The Chalk-Hill Blue (Lycæna Corydon) The Holly Blue (Lycæna Argiolus) The Mazarine Blue (Lycæna Semiargus) The Small Blue (Lycæna Minima) The Large Blue (Lycæna Arion)

CHAPTER XVI THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY AND THE SKIPPERS

Family—Erycinidæ The Duke of Burgundy (Nemeobius Lucina) Family—Hesperiidæ—The Skippers The Grizzled Skipper (Syrichthus Malvæ) The Dingy Skipper (Nisoniades Tages) The Small Skipper (Hesperia Thaumas) The New Small Skipper (Hesperia Lineola) The Lulworth Skipper (Hesperia Actæon) The Large Skipper (Hesperia Sylvanus) The Silver-spotted Skipper (Hesperia Comma) The Chequered Skipper (Carterocephalus Palæmon)

PART IV COMMON BRITISH MOTHS

CHAPTER XVII SPHINGES

Family—Sphingidæ The Death's-Head Hawk (Acherontia Atropos) The Privet Hawk (Sphinx Ligustri) The Spurge Hawk (Deilephila Euphorbiæ) The Small Elephant Hawk (Chærocampa Porcellus) The Large Elephant (Chærocampa Elpenor) The Eyed Hawk (Smerinthus Ocellatus) The Poplar Hawk (Smerinthus Populi) The Lime Hawk (Smerinthus Tiliæ) The Humming-Bird Hawk (Macroglossa Stellatarum) The Broad-bordered Bee Hawk (Macroglossa Fuciformis) Family Sesiidæ—The Clearwings The Hornet Clearwing of the Poplar (Trochilium Apiformis) The Currant Clearwing (Sesia Tipuliformis) Family—Zygænidæ The Forester (Ino Statices) The Broad-bordered Five-spotted Burnet (Zygæna Trifolii) The Six-spotted Burnet (Zygæna Filipendulæ)

CHAPTER XVIII BOMBYCES

Family—Nycteolidæ The Green Silver-lined (Hylophila prasinana) Family—Nolidæ The Short-cloaked Moth (Nola cucullatella) Family—Lithosiidæ The Muslin Moth (Nudaria mundana) The Common Footman (Lithosia lurideola) Family—Eucheliidæ The Cinnabar (Euchelia Jacobææ) The Scarlet Tiger (Callimorpha Dominula) Family—Cheloniidæ The Wood Tiger (Nemeophila Plantaginis) The Tiger (Arctia caia) The Cream-spot Tiger (Arctia villica) The Buff Ermine (Spilosoma lubricipeda) The White Ermine (Spilosoma Menthastri) Family—Hepialidæ The Ghost Swift (Hepialus Humuli) The Common Swift (Hepialus lupulinus) Family—Cossidæ The Goat Moth (Cossus ligniperda) The Leopard Moth (Zeuzera pyrina) Family—Liparidæ The Brown Tail (Porthesia chrysorrhœa) The Gipsy (Ocneria dispar) The Black Arches (Psilura Monacha) The Vapourer Moth (Orgyia antiqua) Family—Bombycidæ The Oak Eggar (Bombyx Quercus) The Drinker (Odonestis potatoria) The Lappet (Lasiocampa quercifolia) Family—Endromidæ The Kentish Glory (Endromis versicolor) Family—Saturniidæ The Emperor Moth (Saturnia pavonia) Family—Drepanulidæ The Oak Hook Tip (Drepana binaria) The Chinese Character (Cilix glaucata) Family—Dicranuridæ The Poplar Kitten (Dicranura bifida) The Puss (Dicranura vinula) Family—Notodontidæ The Coxcomb Prominent (Lophopteryx camelina) Family—Pygæridæ The Buff Tip (Phalera bucephala) The Chocolate Tip (Pygæra curtula) Family—Cymatophoridæ The Peach Blossom (Thyatira Batis) The Yellow-horned (Asphalia flavicornis)

CHAPTER XIX THE NOCTUÆ

Family—Bryophilidæ The Marbled Beauty (Bryophila Perla) Family—Bombycoidæ The Grey Dagger (Acronycta Psi) The Poplar Grey (Acronycta megacephala) The Figure of Eight (Diloba cæruleocephala) Family—Leucaniidæ The Brown-line Bright-eye (Leucania conigera) The Smoky Wainscot (Leucania impura) The Common Wainscot (Leucania pallens) The Bullrush (Nonagria arundinis) Family—Apameidæ The Frosted Orange (Gortyna Ochracea) The Flame (Axylia putris) The Light Arches (Xylophasia lithoxylea) The Flounced Rustic (Luperina testacea) The Cabbage Moth (Mamestra Brassicæ) The Dot (Mamestra Persicariæ) The Rustic Shoulder-knot (Apamea basilinea) The Marbled Minor (Miana strigilis) Family—Caradrinidæ The Mottled Rustic (Caradrina Morpheus) Family—Noctuidæ The Turnip Moth (Agrotis Segetum) The Heart and Dart (Agrotis Exclamationis) The Garden Dart (Agrotis nigricans) The Flame Shoulder (Noctua plecta) The Lesser Broad Border (Triphæna ianthina) The Lesser Yellow Underwing (Triphæna Comes) The Large Yellow Underwing (Triphæna Pronuba) Family—Amphipyridæ The Gothic (Mania typica) The Old Lady (Mania Maura) Family—Orthosiidæ The Common Quaker (Tæniocampa stabilis) The Chestnut (Cerastis Vaccinii) The Pink-barred Sallow (Xanthia Flavago) Family—Cosmiidæ The Dun-bar (Calymnia trapezina) Family—Hadenidæ The Broad-barred White (Hecatera serena) The Marvel-du-jour (Agriopis Aprilina) The Small Angle Shades (Euplexia lucipara) The Angle Shades (Phlogophora Meticulosa) The Grey Arches (Aplecta nebulosa) The Shears (Hadena dentina) The Bright-line Brown-eye (Hadena oleracea) Family—Xylinidæ The Early Grey (Xylocampa Areola) The Shark (Cucullia umbratica) Family—Gonopteridæ The Herald Moth (Gonoptera Libatrix) Family—Plusiidæ The Burnished Brass (Plusia Chrysitis) The Silver Y (Plusia Gamma) Family—Euclidiidæ The Mother Shipton (Euclidia Mi) Family—Catocalidæ The Clifden Nonpareil (Catocala Fraxini) The Red Underwing (Catocala Nupta) The Dark Crimson Underwing (Catocala Sponsa)

CHAPTER XX GEOMETRÆ

Family—Uropterygidæ The Swallow Tail (Uropteryx sambucaria) Family—Ennomidæ The Brimstone Moth (Rumia luteolata) The Light Emerald (Metrocampa margaritaria) The Scalloped Oak (Crocallis elinguaria) The August Thorn (Eugonia quercinaria) Family—Amphidasydæ The Brindled Beauty (Biston hirtaria) The Peppered Moth (Amphidasys betularia) Family—Boarmiidæ The Waved Umber (Hemerophila abruptaria) The Willow Beauty (Boarmia gemmaria) Family—Geometridæ The Large Emerald (Geometra papilionaria) The Common Emerald (Hemithea strigata) Family—Ephyridæ The Maiden's Blush (Zonosoma punctaria) Family—Acidaliidæ The Lace Border (Acidalia ornata) The Riband Wave (A. aversata) The Blood-vein (Timandra amataria) Family—Caberidæ The Common Wave (Cabera exanthemata) The Clouded Silver (Bapta temerata) Family—Macariidæ The V Moth (Halia Vauaria) Family—Fidoniidæ The Common Heath (Ematurga atomaria) The Bordered White (Bupalus piniaria) Family—Zerenidæ The Currant Moth (Abraxas grossulariata) Family—Hyberniidæ The Spring Usher (Hybernia leucophæaria) The Mottled Umber (Hybernia defoliaria) The March Moth (Anisopteryx æscularia) Family—Larentiidæ The November Moth (Oporabia dilutata) The Twin-spot Carpet (Larentia didymata) The Grass Rivulet (Emmelesia albulata) The Netted Pug (Eupithecia venosata) The Narrow-winged Pug (Eupithecia nanata) The Brindled Pug (Eupithecia abbreviata) The Small Seraphim (Lobophora sexalisata) The Blue-bordered Carpet (Melanthia bicolorata) The Beautiful Carpet (Melanthia albicillata) The Common Carpet (Melanippe sociata) The Silver Ground Carpet (Melanippe montanata) The Garden Carpet (Melanippe fluctuata) The Yellow Shell (Camptogramma bilineata) The Small Phœnix (Cidaria silaceata) Family—Euboliidæ The Small Mallow (Eubolia limitata) The Treble Bar (Anaitis plagiata)

CHAPTER XXI THE MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA

Pyralides The Tabby (Aglossa pinguinalis) The Meal Moth (Pyralis farinalis) The Small Magpie (Eurrhypara urticata) The Mother-of-Pearl (Botys ruralis) The Garden Pebble (Pionea forficalis) The Beautiful China Mark (Hydrocampa stagnata) The Pterophori Platyptilia gonodactyla Leioptilus osteodactylus Aciptilia pentadactyla Alucita hexadactyla Crambi Chilo Phragmitellus Crambus hamellus Crambus tristellus Crambus hortuellus Galleria mellonella The Tortrices Tortrix xylosteana Tortrix viridana Peronea cristana Ptycholoma lecheana Penthina pruniana Antithesia salicella Sciaphila octomaculana Ephippiphora cirsiana Carpocapsa pomonella Xanthosetia zoegana The Tineæ Diurnea fagella Adela cuprella Hyponomeuta Padellus Depressaria nervosa Harpella Geoffrella Coleophora ibipennella Tischeria complanella Nepticula aurella

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I COMPLETE CLASSIFIED LIST OF BRITISH MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA

RHOPALOCERA (BUTTERFLIES). HETEROCERA (MOTHS). SPHINGES. BOMBYCES. NOCTUÆ. GEOMETRÆ.

APPENDIX II THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

COLOURED PLATES

INDEX

Transcriber's Note

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