Edible and Useful Plants of the Southwest · Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona by Tull, Delena -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Frontispiece Title Page Copyright Epigraph Contents List of Plates List of Illustrations Preface to the Revised Edition Acknowledgments Introduction

What’s in This Book? Vegetation Regions Why Use Botanical Terminology?

1. Edible and Useful Wild Plants of the Southwest

Cautions and Notes on Using Wild Edibles

Why Bother with Wild Foods? Native Plants for Agriculture Grazing from the Wild: Tips and Precautions

Edible and Useful Wild Plants by Family, including Recipes

Alismataceae—Water-plantain Family

Arrowhead—Sagittaria Species

Amaranthaceae—Amaranth Family

Amaranth—Amaranthus Species Lamb’s-quarters—Chenopodium Species Orach, Four-wing Saltbush—Atriplex Species Tumbleweed—Salsola Species

Amaryllidaceae—Amaryllis Family

Onion, Garlic, Chives—Allium Species

Anacardiaceae—Sumac Family

Sumac—Rhus Species

Asparagaceae—Asparagus Family

Agave, Mescal, Lechuguilla—Agave Species Beargrass—Nolina Species Blue Camass—Camassia scilloides Sotol—Dasylirion Species Yucca—Yucca Species

Asteraceae—Composite Family, Sunflower Family

Chicory—Cichorium intybus Dandelion—Taraxacum officinale Goldenrod—Solidago odora Lettuce—Lactuca Species Ragweed—Ambrosia trifida Sow Thistle—Sonchus Species Sunflower—Helianthus Species Maximilian Sunflower—Helianthus maximiliani Thistle—Cirsium Species

Bixaceae—Lipsticktree Family

Yellow Show, Saiya—Amoreuxia Species

Boraginaceae—Borage Family

Sandfood—Pholisma Species

Cactaceae—Cactus Family

Cholla—Cylindropuntia Species Tasajillo—Cylindropuntia leptocaulis Prickly Pear—Opuntia Species Saguaro Cactus—Carnegiea gigantea Strawberry Cactus—Echinocereus stramineus, Echinocereus enneacanthus

Caryophyllaceae—Pink Family

Chickweed—Stellaria media

Cleomaceae—Cleome Family

Bee Plant—Cleome Species Clammyweed—Polanisia dodecandra

Commelinaceae—Spiderwort Family

Dayflower—Commelina Species Spiderwort—Tradescantia Species

Crassulaceae—Orpine Family

Sedum, Stonecrop—Sedum Species

Cucurbitaceae—Gourd Family

Buffalo Gourd—Cucurbita foetidissima

Cyperaceae—Sedge Family

Nut-grass—Cyperus Species

Euphorbiaceae—Spurge Family

Bull Nettle—Cnidoscolus texanus Cassava—Manihot Species Noseburn—Tragia Species

Fabaceae—Legume Family

Acacia, Huisache, Catclaw—Acacia Species Alfalfa—Medicago sativa Black Locust—Robinia pseudoacacia Desert Ironwood—Olneya tesota Groundnut—Apios americana Hog Peanut—Amphicarpaea bracteata Honey Locust—Gleditsia triacanthos Indian Breadroot, Scurf Pea—Pediomelum Species Kudzu—Pueraria Species Mesquite, Tornillo—Prosopis Species Redbud—Cercis canadensis Retama—Parkinsonia aculeata Tepary Bean—Phaseolus acutifolius

Fagaceae—Beech Family

Oak—Quercus Species

Fouquieriaceae—Ocotillo Family

Ocotillo—Fouquieria splendens

Juglandaceae—Walnut Family

Hickory—Carya Species Pecan—Carya illinoinensis Walnut—Juglans Species

Lamiaceae—Mint Family

Henbit—Lamium amplexicaule

Liliaceae—Lily Family

Lily—Lilium Species Golden Mariposa Lily, Sego Lily—Calochortus Species Spanish Bayonet—Hesperoyucca whipplei

Loasaceae—Eveningstar Family

Blazing Star—Mentzelia Species

Malvaceae—Mallow Family

Turk’s Cap—Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii

Martyniaceae—Unicorn Plant Family

Devil’s Claw—Proboscidea Species

Nelumbonaceae—Lotus Family

Lotus—Nelumbo lutea

Nymphaeaceae—Water-lily Family

Spatterdock—Nuphar lutea Water-lily—Nymphaea odorata

Onagraceae—Evening Primrose Family

Showy Evening Primrose—Oenothera speciosa

Orobanchaceae—Broom-rape Family

Broom-rape—Orobanche Species

Oxalidaceae—Wood Sorrel Family

Wood Sorrel—Oxalis Species

Pinaceae—Pine Family

Piñon—Pinus Species

Plantaginaceae—Plantain Family

Plantain—Plantago Species

Poaceae—Grass Family

Carrizo—Arundo donax Giant Cane—Arundinaria gigantea Reed—Phragmites australis

Polygonaceae—Knotweed Family

Dock, Canaigre—Rumex Species

Pontederiaceae—Pickerelweed Family

Pickerelweed—Pontederia cordata Water Hyacinth—Eichhornia crassipes

Portulacaceae—Purslane Family

Purslane—Portulaca Species

Rubiaceae—Madder Family

Bedstraw—Galium aparine

Smilacaceae—Greenbriar Family

Greenbriar—Smilax bona-nox

Typhaceae—Cattail Family

Cattail—Typha Species

Urticaceae—Nettle Family

Pellitory—Parietaria Species Stinging Nettle—Urtica Species

Violaceae—Violet Family

Violet—Viola Species

Xanthorrhoeaceae—Grass Tree Family

Day Lily—Hemerocallis fulva

2. Plants as Medicine 3. Teas and Spices

Teas

Alfalfa—Medicago sativa—Fabaceae Basswood—Tilia Species—Malvaceae Bee Balm—Monarda Species—Lamiaceae Bee Brush—Aloysia gratissima—Verbenaceae Blackberry, Dewberry—Rubus Species—Rosaceae Catnip—Nepeta cataria—Lamiaceae Clover—Trifolium Species—Fabaceae Goldenrod—Solidago odora—Asteraceae Greenthread—Thelesperma Species—Asteraceae Horehound—Marrubium vulgare—Lamiaceae Limoncillo—Pectis Species—Asteraceae Limoncillo—Hedeoma Species—Lamiaceae Mormon Tea—Ephedra antisyphilitica—Ephedraceae Mullein—Verbascum thapsus—Scrophulariaceae Peppermint—Mentha piperita—Lamiaceae Persimmon—Diospyros virginiana—Ebenaceae Prairie Tea—Croton monanthogynus—Euphorbiaceae Redroot—Ceanothus americanus—Rhamnaceae Rose—Rosa Species—Rosaceae Sage—Salvia Species—Lamiaceae Sassafras—Sassafras albidum—Lauraceae Spearmint—Mentha spicata—Lamiaceae Strawberry—Fragaria Species—Rosaceae Yarrow—Achillea millefolium—Asteraceae Yaupon—Ilex vomitoria—Aquifoliaceae

Spices

Chile Pequín—Capsicum annuum—Solanaceae Epazote—Chenopodium ambrosioides—Amaranthaceae Juniper, Cedar—Juniperus Species—Cupressaceae Knotweed—Polygonum aviculare—Polygonaceae Mintweed—Lippia graveolens—Verbenaceae Mustard—Brassica Species—Brassicaceae Onion, Garlic—Allium Species—Amaryllidaceae Peppergrass—Lepidium Species—Brassicaceae Red Bay—Persea borbonia—Lauraceae Shepherd’s Purse—Capsella bursa-pastoris—Brassicaceae Spicebush—Lindera benzoin—Lauraceae Sweet Bay—Magnolia virginiana—Magnoliaceae Watercress—Nasturtium officinale—Brassicaceae Wax Myrtle—Myrica cerifera—Myricaceae Wormwood—Artemisia ludoviciana—Asteraceae

4. Edible and Poisonous Berries and Other Fleshy Fruits

Key to Southwestern Plants with Edible or Poisonous Fruits Poisonous Fruits

Blue, Purple, or Black Fruit: Toxic

Cherry—Prunus Species—Rosaceae Coyotillo—Karwinskia humboldtiana—Rhamnaceae Eve’s Necklace—Styphnolobium affine—Fabaceae Juniper, Cedar—Juniperus Species—Cupressaceae Lantana—Lantana Species—Verbenaceae Ligustrum—Ligustrum Species—Oleaceae Nightshade—Solanum americanum—Solanaceae Poke—Phytolacca americana—Phytolaccaceae Virginia Creeper—Parthenocissus quinquefolia—Vitaceae

Red Fruit: Toxic

Coralito—Rivina humilis—Phytolaccaceae Holly, Yaupon—Ilex Species—Aquifoliaceae Jerusalem-cherry—Solanum pseudocapsicum—Solanaceae Snailseed—Cocculus carolinus—Menispermaceae Wahoo—Euonymus Species—Celastraceae

Yellow, Cream, or White Fruit: Toxic

Chinaberry—Melia azederach—Meliaceae Mistletoe—Phoradendron Species—Santalaceae Nightshade, Silverleaf Nightshade—Solanum elaeagnifolium—Solanaceae Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac—Toxicodendron Species—Anacardiaceae Soapberry—Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii—Sapindaceae Tallow Tree—Triadica sebifera—Euphorbiaceae

Fruits with Unknown Toxicity: Avoid Eating Them

American Beauty-berry—Callicarpa americana—Lamiaceae Ampelopsis, Heartleaf—Ampelopsis cordata—Vitaceae Carolina Buckthorn—Frangula caroliniana—Rhamnaceae Dogwood—Cornus Species—Cornaceae Elbow-bush—Forestiera pubescens—Oleaceae Greenbriar—Smilax Species—Smilacaceae Hercules’ Club—Aralia spinosa—Araliaceae Honeysuckle—Lonicera Species—Caprifoliaceae Indian Strawberry—Duchesnea indica—Rosaceae Peppervine—Ampelopsis arborea—Vitaceae

Edible Fruit

Standard Jelly and Jam Recipes Blue, Purple, or Black Fruit: Edible

Blackberry, Dewberry—Rubus Species—Rosaceae Blackhaw, Rusty Blackhaw, Withe Rod—Viburnum Species—Adoxaceae Blueberry, Whortleberry, Farkleberry—Vaccinium Species—Ericaceae Brasil—Condalia hookeri—Rhamnaceae Cherry, Black Cherry, Chokecherry—Prunus Species—Rosaceae Coma, Gum Bumelia—Sideroxylon lanuginosum—Sapotaceae Currant—Ribes Species—Grossulariaceae Elderberry—Sambucus nigra subsp. Canadensis—Adoxaceae Grape—Vitis Species—Vitaceae Mulberry—Morus Species—Moraceae Palms—Arecaceae

California Fan Palm—Washingtonia filifera Sabal Palm, Texas Palmetto—Sabal mexicana

Persimmon, Texas Persimmon—Diospyros texana—Ebenaceae Prickly Pear Cactus—Opuntia Species—Cactaceae Serviceberry—Amelanchier Species—Rosaceae

Brown Fruit: Edible

Pawpaw—Asimina triloba—Annonaceae

Green Fruit: Edible

Crab Apple—Malus Species—Rosaceae

Red, orange, or Yellow Fruit: Edible

Agarita, Barberry—Mahonia Species—Berberidaceae Anacua—Ehretia anacua—Boraginaceae Buffaloberry—Shepherdia argentea—Elaeagnaceae Chile Pequín—Capsicum annuum—Solanaceae Desert Yaupon—Schaefferia cuneifolia—Celastraceae Hackberry—Celtis Species—Cannabaceae Hawthorn—Crataegus Species—Rosaceae Jujube—Ziziphus jujuba—Rhamnaceae Madrone—Arbutus xalapensis—Ericaceae Mayapple—Podophyllum peltatum—Berberidaceae Passionflower—Passiflora incarnata—Passifloraceae Persimmon—Diospyros virginiana—Ebenaceae Plum—Prunus Species—Rosaceae Pyracantha—Pyracantha coccinea—Rosaceae Strawberry—Fragaria Species—Rosaceae Sumac—Rhus Species—Anacardiaceae Tomatillo—Physalis Species—Solanaceae Turk’s Cap—Malvaviscus arboreus var. Drummondii—Malvaceae Wolfberry, Desert-thorn, Matrimony Vine—Lycium Species—Solanaceae

White Fruit: Edible

White Mulberry—Morus alba—Moraceae

5. Poisonous and Harmful Plants

First Aid for Toxic Plant Ingestion Plant Poisoning: Dispelling Some Myths about Poisonous Plants Who Is Affected by Plant Poisonings? Livestock Poisoning The Toxins in Plants Toxic Wild Plants by Family

Amaryllidaceae, Iridaceae, Liliaceae—Amaryllis, Iris, and Lily Families Apiaceae—Carrot Family

Poison Hemlock—Conium maculatum Water Hemlock—Cicuta maculata

Apocynaceae—Dogbane Family

Dogbane, Indian Hemp—Apocynum Species Milkweed—Asclepias Species

Araceae—Arum Family Asteraceae—Composite Family, Sunflower Family Fabaceae—Legume Family

Black Locust—Robinia pseudoacacia Bluebonnet, Lupine—Lupinus Species Coral Bean—Erythrina herbacea Devil’s Shoestring—Tephrosia virginiana Locoweed, Milk Vetch—Astragalus Species Mescal Bean—Sophora secundiflora Rattlebush—Sesbania Species Singletary Pea, Sweetpea—Lathyrus Species Wisteria—Wisteria Species

Gelsemiaceae—Jessamine Family

Jasmine—Gelsemium sempervirens

Melanthiaceae—False hellbore Family

Death Camas—Zigadenus Species

Phytolaccaceae—Pokeweed Family

Coralito—Rivina humilis Poke—Phytolacca americana

Rosaceae—Rose Family Sapindaceae—Soapberry Family

Buckeye, Horse-chestnut—Aesculus Species Mexican Buckeye—Ungnadia speciosa

Solanaceae—Nightshade Family

Jerusalem-cherry—Solanum pseudocapsicum Jessamine—Cestrum Species Jimsonweed—Datura Species Nightshade, Silverleaf—Solanum elaeagnifolium Tobacco—Nicotiana Species

Toxic Ornamental Houseplants and Yard Plants: The Enemy Within Poisons in the Garden and the Kitchen Rashes, Itches, and Stings

Contact Dermatitis Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac—Toxicodendron Species Pollen Dermatitis Photodermatitis Irritant Dermatitis Chemical Irritants Mechanical Irritants Stinging Nettles

Hay Fever Plants—Pollen Allergies

Fall Winter Spring and Summer

6. Mushrooms: To Eat or Not to Eat 7. Colorful Dyes with Southwestern Plants

Vegetable Dyes: A Historical Perspective Dyes Today: Synthetic versus Vegetable Dyes Fibers for Dyeing Factors that Influence Dye Colors Pigments from Plants Colorfastness Water Dyeing Techniques Plants for Dyes

How Much Should I Collect? What Plant Parts Should I Use? Kitchen and Garden Dyes

Mordants Procedures for Dyeing Wool and Other Fibers

Equipment Preparing the Plant Material for the Dye Pot Preparing the Wool Dyeing the Wool

Simmer Dyeing Solar Dyeing Cold-water Fermentation

Final Tips on Dyeing with Plants

Vegetable Dye Recipes

Symbol Key Plant Species Used for Dyes

8. Fibers and Baskets from Southwestern Plants

Plants for Basketmaking Preparation of Plants Textile Fibers

Extracting Fibers: Retting and Scutching Fibers Attached to Seeds

Dyeing Plant Fibers Papermaking

9. Rubber, Wax, Oil, and Soap: Industrial Resources Appendix: Fifty Important Edible Wild Native or Naturalized Plants Glossary Bibliography Index

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