[The Science Masters Series 01] • What Evolution Is by Mayr, Ernst -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Also by Ernst Mayr Title Page Dedication Foreword Preface Acknowledgments I - WHAT IS EVOLUTION?

CHAPTER 1 - IN WHAT KIND OF A WORLD DO WE LIVE?

THE RISE OF EVOLUTIONISM DARWIN AND DARWINISM

CHAPTER 2 - WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION ON EARTH?

WHAT EVIDENCE DOES THE EVOLUTIONIST HAVE? BRANCHING EVOLUTION AND COMMON DESCENT CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER 3 - THE RISE OF THE LIVING WORLD

THE ORIGIN OF LIFE THE RISE OF ORGANIC DIVERSITY THE PHYLOGENY OF THE ANIMALIA THE COMING AND GOING OF PHYLA THE EVOLUTION OF PLANTS THE ORIGIN OF THE VERTEBRATES CONCLUSIONS

II - HOW ARE EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE AND ADAPTEDNESS EXPLAINED?

CHAPTER 4 - HOW AND WHY DOES EVOLUTION TAKE PLACE?

THE RETARDING INFLUENCE OF WIDELY HELD PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS WHAT EVOLVES? THREE THEORIES OF EVOLUTION BASED ON ESSENTIALISM

CHAPTER 5 - VARIATIONAL EVOLUTION

VARIATION AND POPULATION THINKING VARIATION THE SOURCE OF VARIABILITY THE GENETICS OF VARIATION GENETIC TURNOVER IN A POPULATION UNIPARENTAL REPRODUCTION AND EVOLUTION MEIOSIS AND RECOMBINATION WHY IS THE PRODUCTION OF SUCH HIGHLY VARIABLE GENOTYPES SO FAVORED BY SELECTION? THE ORIGIN OF NEW GENES THE NATURE OF VARIATION CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER 6 - NATURAL SELECTION

POPULATION NATURAL SELECTION IS REALLY A PROCESS OF ELIMINATION SELECTION IS A TWO-STEP PROCESS IS SELECTION A MATTER OF CHANCE? CAN NATURAL SELECTION BE PROVEN? STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE THE OBJECTS OF SELECTION PHENOTYPE OTHER POTENTIAL OBJECTS OF SELECTION WHY IS EVOLUTION USUALLY SO SLOW? FOUNDER POPULATIONS WHAT IS THE EVOLUTIONARY ROLE OF BEHAVIOR? SELECTION FOR REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS (SEXUAL SELECTION) WHY DOES NATURAL SELECTION SO OFTEN FAIL TO ACHIEVE OR MAINTAIN ADAPTEDNESS? THE ROLE OF DEVELOPMENT IN EVOLUTION DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 7 - ADAPTEDNESS AND NATURAL SELECTION: ANAGENESIS

DEFINITION OF ADAPTATION WHAT IS THE MEANING OF THE TERM ADAPTATION? TO WHAT IS AN ORGANISM ADAPTED? WHAT IS A NICHE? LEVELS OF ADAPTATION THE ADAPTATIONIST PROGRAM: CAN ONE PROVE ADAPTEDNESS? CONCLUSIONS

III - ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF DIVERSITY: CLADOGENESIS

CHAPTER 8 - THE UNITS OF DIVERSITY: SPECIES

HOW MANY SPECIES OF LIVING ORGANISMS? SPECIES CONCEPTS AND SPECIES TAXA SIBLING SPECIES ARE THERE OTHER SPECIES CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS? THE MEANING OF SPECIES

CHAPTER 9 - SPECIATION

SPECIATION THE PROCESS OF ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION OTHER KINDS OF SPECIATION HOW IS THE GENETIC ISOLATION BETWEEN TWO INCIPIENT SPECIES ACQUIRED? WHAT DETERMINES THE RATE OF SPECIATION?

CHAPTER 10 - MACROEVOLUTION

THE GRADUALNESS OF EVOLUTION SPLITTING VS. BUDDING SPECIATIONAL EVOLUTION HOW IMPORTANT IS SPECIATIONAL EVOLUTION? RATES OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE SPECIES TURNOVER AND EXTINCTION COMPETITION MASS EXTINCTIONS MAJOR TRANSITIONS ADAPTIVE RADIATION COEVOLUTION SYMBIOSIS EVOLUTIONARY PROGRESS DOES SELECTION LEAD TO PROGRESS AND ULTIMATELY TO PERFECTION? BIOSPHERE AND EVOLUTIONARY PROGRESS HOW CAN WE EXPLAIN TRENDS IN EVOLUTION? MOSAIC EVOLUTION PLURALISTIC SOLUTIONS CONVERGENT EVOLUTION POLYPHYLY AND PARALLELOPHYLY ARE THERE LAWS OF EVOLUTION? CHANCE OR NECESSITY?

IV - HUMAN EVOLUTION

CHAPTER 11 - HOW DID MANKIND EVOLVE?

WHAT ARE THE PRIMATES? WHAT EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THE PRIMATE ORIGIN OF MAN? WHEN DID THE HOMINID LINEAGE BRANCH OFF FROM THAT LEADING TO THE CHIMPANZEE? WHAT DOES THE FOSSIL RECORD TELL US? WHAT IS THE ACTUAL FOSSIL EVIDENCE? STAGES IN HOMINIZATION WERE THE AUSTRALOPITHECINES APES OR HUMANS? THE CONQUEST OF THE BUSH SAVANNA THE ORIGIN OF HOMO THE DESCENDANTS OF HOMO ERECTUS THE UNIQUENESS OF MAN WHAT IS HOMO? THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN ETHICS MAN AND HIS ENVIRONMENT THE FUTURE OF MANKIND

CHAPTER 12 - THE FRONTIERS OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

THE USEFULNESS OF EVOLUTIONARY THOUGHT

APPENDIX A - WHAT CRITICISMS HAVE BEEN MADE OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY? APPENDIX B - SHORT ANSWERS TO FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT EVOLUTION GLOSSARY BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX Copyright Page