Research Design · Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell, John W. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Dedication Title Page Copyright Brief Contents Detailed Contents Analytic Contents of Research Techniques Preface

Purpose Audience Format Outline of Chapters

Acknowledgments About the Author Part I. Preliminary Considerations

1. The Selection of a Research Approach

The Three Approaches to Research Three Components Involved in an Approach

Philosophical Worldviews

The Postpositivist Worldview The Constructivist Worldview The Transformative Worldview The Pragmatic Worldview

Research Designs

Quantitative Designs Qualitative Designs Mixed Methods Designs

Research Methods

Research Approaches as Worldviews, Designs, and Methods Criteria for Selecting a Research Approach

The Research Problem and Questions Personal Experiences Audience

Summary Writing Exercises Additional Readings

2. Review of the Literature

The Research Topic The Literature Review

The Use of the Literature Design Techniques

Steps in Conducting a Literature Review Searching Computerized Databases A Priority for Selecting Literature Material A Literature Map of the Research Abstracting Studies

Example 2.1. Literature Review Abstract in a Quantitative Study Example 2.2. Literature Review Abstract in a Study Advancing a Typology

Style Manuals The Definition of Terms

Example 2.3. Terms Defined in an Independent Variables Section Example 2.4. Terms Defined in a Mixed Methods Dissertation

A Quantitative or Mixed Methods Literature Review

Summary Writing Exercises Additional Readings

3. The Use of Theory

Quantitative Theory Use

Variables in Quantitative Research Definition of a Theory in Quantitative Research Forms of Theories in Quantitative Research Placement of Quantitative Theories Writing a Quantitative Theoretical Perspective

Example 3.1. A Quantitative Theory Section Qualitative Theory Use

Variation in Theory Use in Qualitative Research Locating the Theory in Qualitative Research

Example 3.2. A Theory Early in a Qualitative Study Example 3.3. A Theory at the End of a Qualitative Study Mixed Methods Theory Use

Social Science Theory Use Transformative Paradigm Theory Use

Example 3.4. Theory in a Transformative Mixed Methods Study Summary Writing Exercises Additional Readings

4. Writing Strategies and Ethical Considerations

Writing the Proposal

Arguments Presented in a Proposal Format for a Qualitative Proposal

Example 4.1. A Qualitative Constructivist/Interpretivist Format Example 4.2. A Qualitative Transformative Format

Format for a Quantitative Proposal

Example 4.3. A Quantitative Format

Format for a Mixed Methods Proposal

Example 4.4. A Mixed Methods Format

Designing the Sections of a Proposal

Writing Ideas

Writing as Thinking The Habit of Writing Readability of the Manuscript

Example 4.5. An Illustration of the Hook-and-Eye Technique

Voice, Tense, and “Fat”

Ethical Issues to Anticipate

Prior to Beginning the Study Beginning the Study Collecting the Data Analyzing the Data Reporting, Sharing, and Storing Data

Summary Writing Exercises Additional Readings

Part II. Designing Research

5. The Introduction

The Importance of Introductions An Abstract for a Study Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Introductions A Model for an Introduction

An Illustration The Research Problem Studies Addressing the Problem Deficiencies in Past Literature

Example 5.1. Deficiencies in the Literature—Needed Studies Example 5.2. Deficiencies in the Literature—Few Studies

Significance of a Study for Audiences

Example 5.3. Significance of the Study Stated in an Introduction to a Quantitative Study Summary Writing Exercises Additional Readings

6. The Purpose Statement

Significance and Meaning of a Purpose Statement

A Qualitative Purpose Statement

Example 6.1. A Purpose Statement in a Qualitative Phenomenology Study Example 6.2. A Purpose Statement in a Case Study Example 6.3. A Purpose Statement in an Ethnography Example 6.4. A Purpose Statement in a Grounded Theory Study

A Quantitative Purpose Statement

Example 6.5. A Purpose Statement in a Published Survey Study Example 6.6. A Purpose Statement in a Dissertation Survey Study Example 6.7. A Purpose Statement in an Experimental Study

A Mixed Methods Purpose Statement

Example 6.8. A Convergent Mixed Methods Purpose Statement Example 6.9. An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Purpose Statement Example 6.10. An Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Purpose Statement Summary Writing Exercises Additional Readings

7. Research Questions and Hypotheses

Qualitative Research Questions Example 7.1. A Qualitative Central Question From an Ethnography Example 7.2. Qualitative Central Questions From a Case Study Quantitative Research Questions and Hypotheses Example 7.3. A Null Hypothesis Example 7.4. Directional Hypotheses Example 7.5. Nondirectional and Directional Hypotheses Example 7.6. Standard Use of Language in Hypotheses

A Model for Descriptive Questions and Hypotheses

Example 7.7. Descriptive and Inferential Questions Mixed Methods Research Questions and Hypotheses Example 7.8. Hypotheses and Research Questions in a Mixed Methods Study Example 7.9. A Mixed Methods Question Written Using Methods and Content Language Summary Writing Exercises Additional Readings

8. Quantitative Methods

Defining Surveys and Experiments Components of a Survey Method Plan

The Survey Design The Population and Sample Instrumentation Variables in the Study Data Analysis and Interpretation

Example 8.1. A Survey Method Section Components of an Experimental Method Plan

Participants Variables Instrumentation and Materials Experimental Procedures

Example 8.2. Pre-Experimental Designs Example 8.3. Quasi-experimental Designs Example 8.4. True Experimental Designs Example 8.5. Single-Subject Designs

Threats to Validity

The Procedure Data Analysis Interpreting Results

Example 8.6. An Experimental Method Section Summary Writing Exercises Additional Readings

9. Qualitative Methods

The Components of Qualitative Methods

The Characteristics of Qualitative Research Qualitative Designs The Researcher’s Role Data Collection Procedures Data Recording Procedures Data Analysis and Interpretation Validity and Reliability

Writing the Qualitative Report Example 9.1. Qualitative Procedures Summary Writing Exercises Additional Readings

10. Mixed Methods Procedures

Components of Mixed Methods Procedures

Describe Mixed Methods Research

Types of Mixed Methods Designs

Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods Design Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Design Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Design Several Advanced Mixed Methods Designs Mixed Methods Notation in the Figures Factors Important in Choosing a Mixed Methods Design

Choice Based on Outcomes Expected Choice Based on How the Data Will Be Used Together (or Integrated) Choice Based on the Timing of the Data Collection Choice Based on the Emphasis Placed on Each Database Choice Based on Type of Design Most Suited for a Field Choice Based on a Single Researcher or Team

Examples of Mixed Methods Procedures

Example 10.1. A Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods Design Example 10.2. An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Design Example 10.3. An Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Design Example 10.4. A Transformative Design Summary Writing Exercises Additional Readings

Glossary References Author Index Subject Index

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